skip to main content

EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF INDONESIA’S ELECTRIC VEHICLE POLICY: ALIGNING WITH SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES

Salwa Putri Hardiyan  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
*Kadek Cahya Susila Wibawa  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Muhamad Azhar  -  Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Jaewook Lee Gabriel  -  Hongik University, South Korea
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 Masalah-Masalah Hukum under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

This study analyzes the environmental implications of Indonesia’s Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) policy, as outlined in Presidential Regulation No. 55 of 2019. The policy aims to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote a transition to renewable energy within the transportation sector. While the BEV program has contributed to a reduction in GHG emissions, the research identifies several environmental concerns associated with the policy. These include the environmental damage caused by nickel mining, the reliance on coal-fired power plants for electricity generation, and the inadequate handling of battery waste. The study evaluates these issues through the lens of Indonesia's Environmental Protection and Management Law, emphasizing the principles of sustainability and conservation. The findings suggest that the current implementation of the BEV policy does not fully adhere to these principles, as it neglects the broader environmental impacts of nickel extraction, fossil energy dependence, and improper battery waste management. To enhance the policy's effectiveness and ensure alignment with sustainable practices, the research recommends revisions in key areas such as raw material sourcing, energy generation for electric vehicle charging, and waste management protocols. The study highlights the need for a comprehensive and environmentally conscious approach to achieve the long-term goals of reduced emissions and a cleaner transportation system.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Electric Vehicles; Environmental Impact; Sustainability; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Nickel Mining; Legal Framework

Article Metrics:

  1. Adi, E. A. W. (2022). Urgensi Solusi Daur Ulang Baterai Kendaraan Listrik. Green Network
  2. Alhers, F., Amon, A., Andresen, B., Agostini, D., Aldunate, J., & Alzouma, S. (2021). Energy Transition UN Report - Towards the achivement of SDG 7 Net-zero emissions. In United Nations
  3. Baraputri, V. (2023). Lingkungan di Sulawesi Tenggara Terancam Limbah Tambang Nikel - ’Yang Kamu Rusak adalah Masa Depannya. BBC News Indonesia
  4. Chandra, W. (2023). Riset WALHI Sulsel Ungkap Dampak Buruk PLTU Jeneponto untuk Warga dan Lingkungan. Mongabay Situs Berita Lingkungan
  5. Dzulkarnaen, M. Z. (2021). Pra Perancangan Pabrik Battrey Sekunder 30 kg/Batch. Institut Teknologi Indonesia
  6. Fauzan, M. (2023). Pengembangan Infrastruktur Pengisian Listrik Untuk Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik di Indonesia Dalam 5 Tahun Terakhir. Pertamina Energy Institute Bulletin, 9(2), 63–72
  7. Fitri, O. R., & Samputra, P. L. (2024). Analisis Naratif Kebijakan Insentif Kendaraan Bermotor Listrik Dalam Mengurangi Emisi Karbon. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 9(4), 2492–2506. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i4.15472
  8. Fitrianto, H. (2023). Analisis Penggunaan Kendaraan Listrik Sebagai Upaya Penurunan Emisi Lingkungan Case Study Kendaraan Listrik di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. CAKRAWALA – Repositori IMWI, 6(2), 1056–1067. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v6i2.302
  9. Greenpeace. (2023). Main Api dengan Deforestasi. Greepeace
  10. Gunawan, D., Rusydi, I., & Gani, P. H. A. (2023). Meredam Emisi Karbon Penambangan Nikel. Tempo
  11. Hadi Putra, A., Oktari, F., & Meidini Putriana, A. (2019). Defortasi dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Tingkat Bahaya Kebakaran Hutan di Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana, 10(2), 191–200. https://jdpb.bnpb.go.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/143
  12. Hudzaifi, N. N. (2023). Membedah Skenario Praktik Monopoli Kendaraan Listrik di RI. CNBC Indonesia
  13. Indonesia, K. K. B. P. R. (2023). Pemerintah Tegaskan Komitmen Pengembangan Ekosistem Kendaraan Listrik
  14. Irawan, B., Pratiwi, N., & Sulistyono, S. (2023). Mengurangi Karbon Monoksida dari Emisi Kendaraan untuk Melindungi Lingkungan dan Meningkatkan Efisiensi Energi. Jurnal Energi Dan Teknologi Manufaktur, 6(01), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v6i01.3209
  15. Irma, M. F., & Gusmira, E. (2023). Evaluasi Kebijakan Lingkungan terhadap Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di Indonesia. Jurnal Kolaborasi Sains Dan Ilmu Terapan, 2(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.69688/juksit.v2i1.26
  16. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. (2019). Inventarisasi Emisi GRK Sektor Energi. Pusat Data Dan Teknologi Informasi Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral Kementerian Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 41
  17. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. (2020). Peluang Investasi Nikel Indonesia. In Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia (pp. 1–40)
  18. Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. (2023). Sepanjang Tahun 2022, Emisi GRK Turun 118 Juta Ton. Kementerian Energi Dan Sumber Daya Mineral Republik Indonesia
  19. Kramawijaya, A. G. (2017). Kajian Emisi Partikulat dan Gas dari Suatu Pertambangan Nikel di Halmahera Tengah. Rekayasa Hijau : Jurnal Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan, I(2), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.26760/jrh.v1i2.1637
  20. Liu, Z., & Xie, T. (2024). A Study on the Analysis and Prediction of the Evolution Path of China’s Electric Vehicle Industry Policy Based on Text Mining. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15120572
  21. Mursalim, M., & Susanto, A. (2022). Ambivalence of Renewable Energy: Electric Vehicles for Reducing Carbon Emissions and Its Impact on Environmental Damage in Indonesia. Jurnal Justisiasua, 7(2), 306–321. https://news.mongabay.com/2020/04/indonesia-emissions-reduction-climate-carbon-econo-my-growth/,
  22. Nuarta, I. N., & Sukedi, M. (2024). Kebijakan Hukum Pengaturan Penggunaan Kendaraan Listrik Dalam Penguatan Ketahanan Energi Nasional. Jurnal Preferensi Hukum, 5(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.22225/jph.5.2.10413.145-154
  23. Nur, A. I., & Kurniawan, A. D. (2021). Proyeksi Masa Depan Kendaraan Listrik di Indonesia: Analisis Perspektif Regulasi dan Pengendalian Dampak Perubahan Iklim yang Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, 7(2), 197–220. https://doi.org/10.38011/jhli.v7i2.260
  24. Nurhayati, Y., Ifrani, I., & Said, M. Y. (2021). Metodologi Normatif Dan Empiris Dalam Perspektif Ilmu Hukum. Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia, 2(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.51749/jphi.v2i1.14
  25. Oktavianto, P. (2023). Kendaraan Listrik: Efektif Kurangi Emisi tapi Memicu Deforestasi. Forest Digest
  26. Publik, B. K. dan I. (2022). Pemerintah Terus Dorong Penggunaan Mobil Listrik. Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia
  27. Rahmadania, N. (2022). Pemanasan Global Penyebab Efek Rumah Kaca dan Penanggulangannya. Jurnal Ilmu Teknik, 2(3), 1–13. http://ilmuteknik.org/index.php/ilmuteknik/article/view/87
  28. Ramadan, M. (2022). A comparison of American and Chinese policies for electric vehicle technologies. MIT Science Policy Review, 3, 11–16. https://doi.org/10.38105/spr.02hu42bdxo
  29. Ramadhina, A., & Najicha, F. U. (2022). Regulasi Kendaraan Listrik di Indonesia Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Emisi Gas. Jurnal Hukum To-Ra : Hukum Untuk Mengatur Dan Melindungi Masyarakat, 8(2), 201–208. https://doi.org/10.55809/tora.v8i2.126
  30. Solechan, Sonhaji, & Wibawa, K. C. S. (2024). Enhancing Information Transparency for Effective Governance: A Study on Government Procurement in Indonesia. Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 16(2), 873–886. https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.2.873.886
  31. Sugiyono. (2013). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta
  32. Sulaeman, O., Anggraeni, K., Robbani, M. H., & Hernaningsih, T. (2023). Uji Kinerja Sistem Elektrokoagulasi terhadap Kobalt, Nikel, dan Mangan. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan, 24(1), 041–049. https://doi.org/10.55981/jtl.2023.243
  33. Syarifuddin, N. (2022). Pengaruh Industri Pertambangan Nikel Terhadap Kondisi Lingkungan Maritim di Kabupaten Morowali. Jurnal Riset &Teknologi Terapan Kemaritiman, 1(2), 19–23. https://doi.org/10.25042/jrt2k.122022.03
  34. Utami, L. D. (2023). Ombudsman Soroti Kebijakan Kendaraan Listrik: SPKLU dan SPBKLU Minim dan Belum Merata. Ombudsman Republik Indonesia
  35. WALHI. (2022). Gugatan Wagra Negara Soal Sampah Pekanbaru, Masuk Agenda Pembuktian. Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI)
  36. WALHI. (2023). Tinjauan Lingkungan Hidup 2023 (Terdepan di luar Lintasan). Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI)
  37. Wibawa, K. C. S., Saraswati, R., & Ispriyarso, B. (2023). Measuring the Policy of Public Information Disclosure to Adapt Climate Change in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1270(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1270/1/012011
  38. Wisanggeni, S. P., Rosalina, M. P., & Krisna, A. (2022). Dilema Lingkungan Kendaraan Listrik. Kompas

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-07-04 07:38:00

No citation recorded.