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Hybridity in Academic Writing: Strategies to Compensate for Lexical Deficits in SMP Terbuka

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 9 Jan 2026; Revised: 6 Feb 2026; Accepted: 6 Feb 2026; Available online: 23 Feb 2026; Published: 19 Oct 2025.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

This study presents the results of an analysis of the phenomenon of language hybridity in the academic writing of students at SMP Terbuka, a formal educational institution that serves students with limited access to literacy. This study is based on the finding that students' low writing skills are not only evident in spelling errors. The problem is related to a more fundamental condition, namely limited vocabulary (lexical deficit), which encourages students to use digital language (netspeak) and non-standard language to complete their assignments. Using a descriptive qualitative method, this study analyzes five linguistic aspects that appear consistently in students' writing, namely the change of the sound /u/ to /o/ (taruh becomes taro), the shift of the preposition berneaktif to buat, the use of the word sama as a marker in passive sentences, morphological interference in the form of the use of the suffix -in, and the use of the number “2” as a marker of reduplication. This analysis is supported by Basil Bernstein's language code theory (restricted and elaborated code) and David Crystal's concept of netspeak to show that these phenomena are the result of difficulties in thinking due to the limited academic vocabulary possessed by students.

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Keywords: ▪ Lexical deficit, Language hybridity, Netspeak, SMP Terbuka, Writing ability

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