PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN POLYOXYETHYLENE DARI MINYAK SAWIT:

Ery Fatarina Purwaningtyas; Bambang Pramudono

doi:10.14710/reaktor.12.3.175 – 182

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.12.3.175%20–%20182

PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN POLYOXYETHYLENE DARI MINYAK SAWIT:

*Ery Fatarina Purwaningtyas - Program Studi Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 (UNTAG) Semarang., Indonesia

Bambang Pramudono - Jurusan Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik UNDIP Semarang, Indonesia

Published: 2 May 2009.

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Abstract

Minyak sawit masih bisa ditingkatkan nilai tambahnya melalui pengubahan menjadi surfaktan. Surfaktan berbasis minyak nabati bersifat mudah terurai (biodegradable), dan ramah lingkungan. Salah satu surfaktan yang dapat disintesis dari minyak sawit adalah polyoxyethylene mono-digliserid (POE-MDG) melalui proses gliserolisis yang dilanjutkan dengan proses etoksilasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji parameter proses pada gliserolisis maupun etoksilasi. Proses glyserolisis menggunakan katalis MgO dan pelarut n-butanol, dilakukan dengan memvariasikan suhu, rasio gliserol: minyak, dan rasio n-butanol: minyak. Dari penelitian ini diperoleh variable yang berpengaruh pada proses glyserolisis adalah rasio glyserol: minyak, konversi tertinggi 0,785. Hasil gliserolisis adalah MDG, selanjutnya dietoksilasi untuk mendapatkan surfaktan (POE-MDG). Proses etoksilasi MDG menggunakan katalis MgO, dengan memvariasi perbandingan MDG : polietilen glikol (PEG). Berdasarkan analisa Forrier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) memberikan puncak baru pada 1743,65 cm^-1 yang menunjukkan pembentukan ikatan C-O-O. Analisis dengan kolom kromatografi memberikan hasil polyoxyethylen (POE) tertinggi 9,20 % pada rasio MDG : PEG = 4, waktu reaksi 120 menit, temperatur 160⁰C, kecepatan pengadukan 400 rpm, konsentrasi katalis 2%. Hasil uji kestabilan emulsi menunjukkan bahwa surfaktan POE-MDG mempunyai efek emulsifier

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Keywords: etoksilasi, gliserolisis, minyak sawit, polyoxyetilen

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Article Info

Section: Research Article

Language : EN

In Volume 12, Nomor 3, Juni 2009

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