Characterization of Cellulose Extracted from Garlic Waste via Alkaline Treatment and Its Effect on Yield

Yunita Fahni; Wika Atro Auriyani; Devita Amelia; Edwin Rizki Safitra; Desi Riana Saputri; Damayanti Damayanti; Andri Sanjaya; Michael Christian Surya Atmaja; I Nyoman Wiswa Kananda; Riska Surya Ningrum; Melbi Mahardika

doi:10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%p

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.25.1.%25p

Characterization of Cellulose Extracted from Garlic Waste via Alkaline Treatment and Its Effect on Yield

*Yunita Fahni

- Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Wika Atro Auriyani - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Devita Amelia - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Edwin Rizki Safitra - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Desi Riana Saputri - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Damayanti Damayanti - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Andri Sanjaya - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Michael Christian Surya Atmaja - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

I Nyoman Wiswa Kananda - Chemical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan, Indonesia, Indonesia

Riska Surya Ningrum - Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, 16911, Indonesia, Indonesia

Melbi Mahardika - Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong Science Center, 16911, Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 25 May 2025; Published: 8 Sep 2025.

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Abstract

Garlic waste—including straws, bulbs, and skins—is an agricultural residue contributing to household waste. Rich in cellulose, garlic waste can be converted into various value-added products through proper processing. In this study, cellulose was extracted from garlic waste using alkaline treatment to investigate the influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on the characteristics of the resulting cellulose. NaOH solutions with varying concentrations of 2%, 7%, 14%, and 20% were used during the alkalization process. FTIR spectra revealed transmittance changes with increasing concentration, indicating a reduction in lignin content. The resulting cellulose exhibited needle-like structures, and garlic fibers with amorphous morphology showed cleaner surfaces at a NaOH concentration of 20%. The highest extract yield from the alkalization process was 62.7%, achieved at a NaOH concentration of 2%. These findings demonstrate the potential of garlic waste as a cellulose source and its applicability for producing derivative products such as thin films, optical fibers, and bioplastic raw materials.

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Section: Research Article

Language : EN

In Volume 25 No.1 April 2025

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