Synthesis of Fluorite (CaF2) Crystal from Gypsum Waste of Phosphoric Acid Factory in Silica Gel

Mohammad Misbah Khunur  -  Dept. of Chemistry, Fac. of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Andri Risdianto  -  Dept. of Chemistry, Fac. of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Siti Mutrofin  -  Dept. of Chemistry, Fac. of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
*Yuniar Ponco Prananto  -  Dept. of Chemistry, Fac. of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
Received: 11 Apr 2012; Published: 21 Jun 2012.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Abstract

This paper report the synthesis and characterization of fluorite single crystal prepared from gypsum waste of phosphoric acid production in silica gel. Instead of its high calcium, gypsum was used to recycle the waste which was massively produces in the phosphoric acid production. The gypsum waste, the raw material of CaCl2 supernatant, was dissolved in concentrated HCl and then precipitated as calcium oxalate (CaC2O4) by addition of ammonium oxalate. The CaCl2 was obtained by dissolving the CaC2O4 with HCl 3M. The crystals were grown at room temperature in silica gel and characterized by AAS, FTIR and powder XRD. The optimum crystal growth condition, which is pH of gel, CaCl2 concentration and growth time, were investigated. The result shows that at optimum condition of pH 5.80, CaCl2 concentrations of 1.2 M, and growth time of 144 hours, colorless crystals with the longest size of 3 mm, were obtained (72.57%). Characterization of the synthesized crystal by AAS indicates that the obtained crystal has high purity. Meanwhile, analysis by FTIR spectra shows a Ca–F peak at 775 cm-1, and powder-XRD analysis confirms that the obtained crystal was fluorite (CaF2). © 2012 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved

Received: 11st April 2012; Revised: 4th June 2012; Accepted: 13rd June 2012

[How to Cite: M.M. Khunur, A. Risdianto, S. Mutrofin, Y.P. Prananto. (2012). Synthesis of Fluorite (CaF2) Crystal from Gypsum Waste of Phosphoric Acid Factory in Silica Gel. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 7 (1): 71-77.  doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.1.3171.71-77 ]

[How to Link / DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.7.1.3171.71-77 ]

| View in 

Keywords: minerals; calcium; by-product; gel method; supernatant
Funding: Dept. of Chemistry, Fac. of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University; and PT Petro Kimia Gresik, Jawa Timur

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
In 2012: BCREC Volume 7 Issue 1 Year 2012 (SCOPUS Indexed)
Statistics: 1020 688
Related articles
Modification of Turen Bentonite with AlCl3 for Esterification of Palmitic Acid Utilization of Renewable and Waste Materials for Biodiesel Production as Catalyst Process Parameters Optimization of Potential SO42-/ZnO Acid Catalyst for Heterogeneous Transesterification of Vegetable Oil to Biodiesel Effect of Preparation Methods on Al2O3 Supported CuO-CeO2-ZrO2 Catalysts for CO Oxidation Study of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Dilute Acid Pretreated Coconut Husk
  1. Anonymous. (2004). Utilization of Solid Lime and Gypsum by-Product of P.T. Gresik Petro Chemical for Upper Layer Mixture of Dumping Soil in P.T. Batu Bara Bukit Asam (Indonesian). Gresik: Environmental Bureau of PT. Gresik Petro Chemical
  2. Nanang, T., (2004). Disposal Area Condition and Its Handling Efforts (Indonesian). Gresik: Environmental Bureau of PT. Gresik Petro Chemical
  3. Prananto, Y.P.; Khunur, M.M.; and Mutrofin, S. (2007). Synthesis of Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (CaC4H4O6.4H2O) Single Crystal from Calcium Oxalate of Sugar Cane Industry By-Product using Silica Gel Method (Indonesian). Natural. 11 (1): 7 – 16
  4. Prananto, Y.P.; Khunur, M.M.; Tjahjanto, R.T.; Sakdi, I.; and Basori, M.C. (2012). Utilization of Snail (Achatina fulica) Shell Waste for Synthesis of Calcium Tartrate Tetrahydrate (CaC4H4O6.4H2O) Single Crystals in Silica Gel. Journal of Tropical Life Science. 2 (1): 6 – 10
  5. Bhavsar, D.S.; and Saraf, K.B. (2002). Morphology of PbI2 Crystals Grown by Gel Method. Crystal Research and Technology. 37 (1): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4079(200202)37:1<51::AID-CRAT51>3.0.CO;2-N" target="_blank">CrossRef
  6. Chauhan, K.M.; and Arora, S.K. (2009). Diamagnetic and Photoabsorption Characterisation of Gel-grown Cadmium Oxalate Single Crystals. Crystal Research and Technology. 44(2): 189-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crat.200800202" target="_blank">CrossRef
  7. Khunur, M.M.; Wahyuni, D.T.; and Prananto, Y.P. (2011). Synthesis of Lead(II) Oxalate (PbC2O4.xH2O) Single Crystals in Silica Gel. Advances in Natural and Applied Science. 5 (5): 467-472. http://www.aensionline.com/anas/2011/467-472.pdf" target="_blank">View at Publisher
  8. Miller, M.M. (2009). Fluospar. USGS Mineral Yearbooks
  9. Capper, P. (2005). Bulk Crystal Growth of Electronic, Optical and Optoelectronic Materials. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd
  10. Rost, F.D.W.; and Oldfield R.J.; (2000). Photography with a Microscope. Cambridge University Press
  11. Ray, S.F. (1999). Scientific Photography and Applied Imaging. Massachusetts: Focal Press
  12. Svehla, G. (1989). Vogel's Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, 7th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
  13. Patnaik, P. (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. New York: McGraw-Hill

Last update: 2021-03-03 20:30:16

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2021-03-03 20:30:18

No citation recorded.

Copyright Transfer Agreement

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as: electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (BCREC) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form BCREC 2016]
The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :

Assoc. Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-7460058, Fax.: +62-24-76480675
E-mail: bcrec@live.undip.ac.id