Synthesis of 4-tert-Butyltoluene by Vapor Phase tert-Butylation of Toluene with tert-Butylalcohol over USY Zeolite

*Yan Ming Shen -  School of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
Shan Yuan -  School of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
Li Hui Fan -  School of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
Dong Bin Liu -  School of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
Shi Feng Li -  School of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
Received: 17 Jul 2014; Published: 27 Feb 2015.
Open Access
Citation Format:
graphical 7140
Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
Full Text:
In 2015: BCREC Volume 10 Issue 1 Year 2015 (SCOPUS Indexed, April 2015)
Statistics: 1248 1897
Abstract

Vapour phase tert-butylation of toluene with tert-butylalcohol was studied over ultra-stable Y zeolite (USY) catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, toluene/TBA molar ratio and liquid space velocity on conversion of toluene and selectivity for 4-tert-butyltoluene were studied. The deactivation and regeneration of the catalyst was also investigated. The results showed that the USY zeolite catalyst offered better toluene conversion of about 30 % and 4-tert-butyltoluene selectivity of about 89 % at the suitable reaction condition as follows: reaction temperature of 120 oC, toluene/TBA ratio of 2:1 and liquid space velocity of 2 ml/g·h. The clogging of mocropores by the formed carbon or oligomers was the main reason for the deactivation of the catalyst. By combustion at 550 oC, the catalyst just lost about 5 % in toluene conversion and about 2 % in PTBT selectivity. © 2015 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved

Received: 17th July 2014; Revised: 31st August 2014; Accepted: 3rd September 2014

How to Cite: Shen, Y.M., Yuan, S., Fan, L., Liu, D.B., Li, S.F. (2015). Synthesis of 4-tert-Butyltoluene by Vapor Phase tert-Butylation of Toluene with tert-Butylalcohol over USY Zeolite. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 10 (1): 1-7. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.10.1.7140.1-7)

Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.10.1.7140.1-7

Keywords
Toluene; Butylation; 4-tert-Butyltoluene; USY; Vapor phase

Article Metrics:

  1. Selvaraj, M., Jeon, S. H., Han, J., Sinha, P. K. and Lee, T. G. (2005). A novel route to produce 4-t-butyltoluene by t-butylation of toluene with t-butylalcohol over mesoporous Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves. Applied Catalysis A: General 286(1): 44-51.
  2. López Contreras, A. M., Kuit, W., Siemerink, M. A. J., Kengen, S. W. M., Springer, J. and Claassen, P. A. M. (2010). Production of longer-chain alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass: butanol, isopropanol and 2,3-butanediol. Bioalcohol Production. K. Waldron, Woodhead Publishing: 415-460.
  3. Raganati, F., Olivieri, G., Procentese, A., Russo, M. E., Salatino, P. and Marzocchella, A. (2013). Butanol production by bioconversion of cheese whey in a continuous packed bed reactor. Bioresource Technology 138: 259-265.
  4. Pai, S., Gupta, U. and Chilukuri, S. (2007). Butylation of toluene: Influence of zeolite structure and acidity on 4-tert-butyltoluene selectivity. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 265(1–2): 109-116.
  5. Kostrab, G., Mravec, D., Bajus, M., Janotka, I., Sugi, Y., Cho, S. J. and Kim, J. H. (2006). tert-Butylation of toluene over mordenite and cerium-modified mordenite catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General 299: 122-130.
  6. Zhou, Z., Wu, W., Wang, J. and Zeng, C. (2009). Tert-butylation of Toluene with Tert-butyl Alcohol over Realuminated H-mordenite Zeolite. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 17(2): 195-199.
  7. Mravec, D., Zavadan, P., Kaszonyi, A., Joffre, J. and Moreau, P. (2004). Tert-butylation of toluene over zeolite catalysts. Applied Catalysis A: General 257(1): 49-55.
  8. Selvaraj, M. and Lee, T. G. (2005). t-Butylation of toluene with t-butyl alcohol over mesoporous Zn–Al–MCM-41 molecular sieves. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 85(1–2): 59-74.
  9. Sebastian, C. P., Pai, S., Sharanappa, N. and Satyanarayana, C. V. V. (2004). Regio selective butylation of toluene on mordenite catalysts: influence of acidity. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical 223(1–2): 305-311.
  10. Wang, C., Fan, L., Shen, Y., Liu, D. and Xu, S. (2012). Gas-phase Synthesis of para-tert-butyltoluene from Toluene and tert-Butyl Alcohol over H-Mordenite Catalyst. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology (China) 28: 50-56.
  11. Parise, J. B., Corbin, D. R., Abrams, L. and Cox, D. E. (1984). Structure of dealuminated Linde Y-zeolite; Si139.7Al52.3O384 and Si173.1Al18.9O384: presence of non-framework Al species. Acta Crystallographica Section C 40(9): 1493-1497.
  12. Wang, H., Yu, D., Sun, P., Yan, J., Wang, Y. and Huang, H. (2008). Rare earth metal modified NaY: Structure and catalytic performance for lactic acid dehydration to acrylic acid. Catalysis Communications 9(9): 1799-1803.
  13. Rossetti, I., Bencini, E., Trentini, L. and Forni, L. (2005). Study of the deactivation of a commercial catalyst for ethylbenzene dehydrogenation to styrene. Applied Catalysis A: General 292: 118-123.
  14. Maldonado-Hódar, F. J., Ribeiro, M. F., Silva, J. M., Antunes, A. P. and Ribeiro, F. R. (1998). Aromatization ofn-Heptane on Pt/Alkali or Alkali-Earth Exchanged Beta Zeolite Catalysts: Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration. Journal of Catalysis 178(1): 1-13.
  15. Radwan, A. M., Kyotani, T. and Tomita, A. (2000). Characterization of coke deposited from cracking of benzene over USY zeolite catalyst. Applied Catalysis A: General 192(1): 43-50.

Copyright Transfer Agreement

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as: electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (BCREC) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form BCREC 2016]
The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :

Assoc. Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-7460058, Fax.: +62-24-76480675
E-mail: bcrec@live.undip.ac.id