Production of Biodiesel from Coconut Oil Using Microwave: Effect of Some Parameters on Transesterification Reaction by NaOH Catalyst

A. Suryanto -  Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Suprapto Suprapto -  Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
*Mahfud Mahfud -  Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Industrial Technology, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Sukolilo Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Received: 15 Jan 2015; Published: 12 Jul 2015.
Open Access
Citation Format:
Cover Image
Article Info
Section: Original Research Articles
Language: EN
Full Text:
In 2015: BCREC Volume 10 Issue 2 Year 2015 (SCOPUS Indexed, August 2015)
Statistics: 2822 2469
Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of reaction time and NaOH catalyst in transesterification of coconut oil enhanced by microwave and to obtain a biodiesel. Reaction was conducted in batch reactor which equipped by microwave. Coconut oil contains saturated fatty acids about 70% with medium chain (C8-C14), especially lauric acid and myristic acid. The reaction was initiated by mixing oil and methanol with oil to methanol mole ratios of 1:3, 1:6, 1:9 and 1:12, catalyst concentration of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 wt.%, as well as setting electrical power at 100, 264 and 400 W. The reaction times were of  0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 min. The result showed that microwave could be employed as an energy source and was able to accelerate the transesterification process to produce biodiesel using NaOH catalyst. The biodiesel yields increase with increasing microwave power. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained  was of  97.37%  with reaction conditions set at 0.2 wt.% catalyst, a reaction time of 2 min, molar ratio of methanol to oil 1:9 and microwave power of 400 watt. © 2015 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved

Received: 15th January 2015; Revised: 10th March 2015; Accepted: 15th March 2015

How to Cite: Suryanto, A., Suprapto, S., Mahfud, M. (2015). Production of Biodiesel from Coconut Oil Using Microwave: Effect of Reaction Time on Transesterification Reaction by NaOH Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 10 (2): 162-168. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.10.2.8080.162-168)

Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.10.2.8080.162-168

 

Keywords
transesterification; biodiesel; coconut oil; microwave; NaOH catalyst

Article Metrics:

  1. Hasan, M.H., Mahlia, T.M.I., Nur, H. (2012). A Review Our Energy Scenario and Sustainable Energy in Indonesia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 2316-2328.
  2. Directorate of Agricultural Processing. (25 November 2014). Development of Coconut Oil, Citing Internet Sources. URL http://www.agribisnis.deptan.co.id.
  3. Dauqan, E.M.A., Sani, H.A., Abdullah, A., Kasim, Z.M. (2011). Fatty Acids Composition of Four Different Vegetable Oil (Red Palm Olein, Palm Oil, Corn Oil, and Coconut Oil) by Gas Chromatography. In Proceeding International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 31-34. Singapore : IACSIT Press.
  4. Motasemi, F., Ani, F.N. (2012). A Review on Microwave Assisted Production of Biodiesel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 4719-4733.
  5. Oliveira, A.N., Costa, L.R.S., Pires, L.H.O., Nascimento, L.A.S., Angelica, R.S., Costa, C.E.F., Zamian, J.R., Filho, G.N.R. (2013). Microwave Assisted Preparation of a New Esterification Catalyst from Wasted Flint Kaolin. Fuel, 103: 626-631.
  6. Manco, I., Giordani, L., Vaccari, V., Oddone, M. (2011). Microwave Technology for The Biodiesel Production: Analytical Assesments. Fuel, 95: 108-112.
  7. Kumar, R., Kumar, G.R., Chandrashekar, N. (2011). Microwave Assisted Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of Pongamia Pinnata Seed Oil for Biodiesel Production. Bioresources Technology, 102: 6617-6620.
  8. Hsiao, M.C., Lin, C.C., Chang, Y.H. (2011). Microwave Irradiation Assisted Transesterification of Soybean Oil to Biodiesel Catalyzed by Nanopowder Calcium Oxide. Fuel, 90: 1963-1967.
  9. Gude, V.G., Patil, P., Guerra, E.M, Nirmalakhandan, S.D.N. (2013). Microwave Energy Potensial for Biodiesel. Sustainable Chemical Processes, 1(5): 1-31.
  10. Jiputti, J., Kitiyanan, B., Rangsunnivit, P., Bunyakiat, K., Attanatho, L., Jenvanitpanjakul, P. (2006). Transesterification of Kernel Oil and Crude Coconut Oil by Different Solid Catalysts. Chemical Engineering Journal, 116: 61-66.
  11. Azcan, N., Danisman, A. (2008). Microwave Assisted Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil, Fuel, 87: 1781-1788.
  12. Demirbas, A. (2002). Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils via Transesterification in Supercritical Methanol. Energy Conversion and Management, 43: 2349-2356.
  13. Yuan, H., Yang., B.I., Zhu, G.I. (2009). Synthesis of Biodiesel Using Microwave Absorption Catalysts. Energy & Fuels, 23: 548-552.
  14. Ma, F., Hanna, M.A. (1999). Biodiesel Production : A Review, Bioresources Technology, 70: 1-17.
  15. Groisman, Y., Gedanken, A. (2008). Continuous Flow, Circulating Microwave System and Its Application in Nanoparticle Fabrication and Biodiesel Synthesis. Journal of Physical Chemistry, 112: 8802-8808.
  16. Pathil, P.D, Gude, V.G, Camacho, L.M., Deng, S. (2010). Microwave Assisted Catalytic Transesterification of Camela Sativa Oil. Energy & Fuels, 24: 1298-1304.
  17. Saifuddin, N., Chua, K.H. (2004). Production of Ethyl Ester from Used Frying Oil : Optimization of Transesterification Process Using Microwave Irradiation. Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 6: 77-82.
  18. Dorado, M.P., Ballesteros, F., Lopes, F.J., Mittelbach, M. (2004). Optimization of Alkali Catalyzed Transeterification of Brassica Carinata Oil for Biodiesel Production. Energy Fuel, 18: 77-83
  19. Galema, A.S. (1997). Microwave Chemistry. Chemical Society Reviews, 26: 233-238.

Copyright Transfer Agreement

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University as publisher of the journal.

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all form and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any form or media, such as: electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc. , will be allowed only with a written permission from Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering and Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University.

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis journal and Department of Chemical Engineering Diponegoro University, the Editors and the Advisory International Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (BCREC) are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Form BCREC 2016]
The copyright form should be signed originally and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original mail, scanned document or fax :

Assoc. Prof. Dr. I. Istadi (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Kampus Undip Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-7460058, Fax.: +62-24-76480675
E-mail: bcrec@live.undip.ac.id