Akumulasi Logam Pb dan Cu pada Akar, Daun dan Serasah Mangrove di Perairan Pekalongan

Abstract

Pekalongan merupakan kota dengan kegiatan industri tekstil  cukup besar, terutama industri batik. Kegiatan industri ini menghasilkan limbah (salah satunya logam berat) diduga dapat mencemari lingkungan. Tembaga (Cu) dan Timbal (Pb) adalah logam berat yang   umum digunakan sebagai pewarna mordant dalam pewarnaan tekstil.  Mangrove Park di Kota Pekalongan sangat penting karena vegetasi mangrove mampu mengakumulasi logam berat.  Rhizophora mucronata digunakan sebagai fitoremediator karena dapat mengakumulasi logam berat. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis potensi R. mucronata sebagai agen fitoremediasi logam berat Pb dan Cu. Metode purposive sampling digunakan untuk pengambilan data dan sampel dianalisis dengan alat AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry). Hasil analisis Pb dan Cu ditemukan dalam sampel air, sedimen, daun, akar dan serasah mangrove. Konsentrasi  Pb lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Cu, bagian akar R.mucronata  konsentrasi Pb lebih tinggi (3,658 mg/kg). Berdasarkan  Nilai Bio Concentratiosn Factor (BCF) < 1  dan Translocation Factors (FC) < 1, maka R.mucronata adalah tumbuhan excluder yang mempunyai mekanisme Rhizofiltrasi.

Pekalongan city is widely known as a city with a fairly large-scale textile industry, especially batik industry. These industrial activities have produced wastes (one of them is heavy metal) that can pollute the environment.  Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pb) were a heavy metal commonly used as a dye mordant in textile dyeing. The existence of Mangrove Park in Pekalongan city has an important role due to mangrove vegetation ability to accumulate heavy metals. Rhizophora mucronata was fairly used as phytoremediator due to its ability to accumulate heavy metals. This research purpose was conducted to analyze the potential of R. mucronata as phytoremediator agent for heavy metals such as Pb and Cu. Purposive sampling method was used for data collection and samples were analyzed by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectophotometry) method. The result of Pb and Cu analysis found in water samples, sediments, leaves, roots and mangrove litter. Pb concentration higher than Cu concentration, on R. mucronata roots were found that the Pb concentration as high as 3,658 mg/kg. Based on Bio Concentrations Factor (BCF) <1 and Translocation Factors (FC)<1, mangrove R. mucronata is an excluder plant that has a rhizofiltration mechanism.