Komposisi, Diversitas dan Produktivitas Sumberdaya Ikan Dasar di Perairan Pantai Cirebon, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Peningkatan tekanan penangkapan ikan  di perairan pantai, diduga telah membahayakan kelestarian sumberdaya ikan. Untuk mengetahui kondisi  terkini dari sumberdaya ikan di perairan Laut Jawa,  pengkajian tentang sumberdaya ikan dasar telah dilakukan.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi, diversitas dan produktivitas hasil tangkapan ikan dasar di perairan pantai utara Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan dogol, alat tangkap tradisional yang biasa dioperasikan untuk menangkap ikan di perairan Laut Jawa.  Agar dapat mengetahui perubahan fish assemblages, data tentang ikan (komposisi dan bobot hasil tangkapan) diambil  pada bulan yang berbeda (Maret, Juli dan November). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pepetek (Leiognathus sp) menjadi ikan dasar yang paling dominan di pantai utara Cirebon.  Meskipun nilai indek diversitas dan produktivitas berbeda antar musim, tetapi pepetek selalu menempati posisi yang  tertinggi dibandingkan jenis ikan lainnya pada semua musim. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa belum ada perubahan komposisi ikan setelah penghapusan trawl di Laut Jawa.  Tekanan penangkapan ikan di lokasi kajian  sangat tinggi, terbukti ikan yang mempunyai tingkat rekruitmen  tinggi (pepetek) selalu dominan pada semua musim.

Kata kunci: Cirebon, diversitas, ikan dasar, komposisi, produktivitas

Increased fishing pressure in coastal waters believed to have endangered the sustainability of fish resources. To know the current condition of fish resources in the waters of the Java Sea, the study of the demersal fish condition was conducted.   In general, the aim of this study is to analyze present status of demersal fisheries in costal waters of Cirebon, West Java.  Specifically, the aims of this study are to analyze composition, diversity and productivity of demersal fish resources at Northern Coastal of Cirebon, West Java.   The data were collected using dogol, a traditional little trawl which popular operated for demersal fish in northern Java Sea.    In order to understand changing of fish assemblages between season, a set of fish data (composition and weight) was collected in different season (March, July, and November).  The results of this study showed that pony fish (Leiognathus sp) was the dominant fish in northern coastal of Cirebon along year study.  Althought  fish composition, diversity and productivity were different between season,  pony fish always give highest contribution comparing to other fish.  The results of this study indicate that there has been no change in the fish composition after banned trawl in the Java Sea. Fishing pressure in Cirebon waters is relativelly still high, it indicated by domination of pony fish (Leiognathus sp) which have high level of recruitment in all seasons.

Key words:  composition, Cirebon, diversity, demersal fish, productivity