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Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Hasil Padi dari Cara Olah Tanah dan Pemberian Herbisida Di Lahan Sawah MK 2015

Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Jl. Raya Jakenan-Jaken km 5 PO Box 5, Jaken, Pati 59182, Phone: +62 295 4749044, Fax: +62 295 4749045, Indonesia

Received: 17 Jan 2017; Published: 15 Oct 2017.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Tanpa olah tanah (NT) telah banyak ditunjukkan sebagai praktik pengelolaan lahan sawah yang mampu mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) karena kemampuannya untuk menyerap karbon dalam tanah. Di luar negeri, bahkan juga oleh FAO, sekarang ini sedang banyak dikembangkan apa yang disebut dengan conservation agriculture, yaitu cara bercocok tanam dengan meminimalkan gangguan pada tanah atau dikenal juga dengan istilah No tillage/Zero Tillage (tanpa olah tanah). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi emisi CH4 dan N2O dari lahan sawah di daerah tropis dengan perlakuan cara olah tanah. Percobaan disusun dengan rancangan faktorial acak kelompok 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang dicobakan terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu faktor I cara olah tanah (1) Olah tanah sempurna, (2) tanpa olah tanah, dan faktor II adalah pemberian herbisida berupa (1) glifosat, (2) paraquat dan (3) tanpa herbisida. Jarak tanam adalah tegel 20 cm x 20 cm. Emisi CH4 pada MK 2015 yang terendah adalah pada perlakuan tanpa olah tanah (TOT) dan pemberian herbisida glifosat, yaitu sebesar 201 kg CH4/ha/musim dan yang tertinggi pada perlakuan olah tanah sempurna tanpa penambahan herbisida yaitu sebesar 353 kg CH4/ha/musim. Tanpa olah tanah menghasilkan rerata fluks harian CH4 yang lebih rendah dibanding perlakuan olah tanah sempurna. Emisi N2O terendah dihasilkan pada perlakuan olah tanah sempurna dengan penambahan herbisida glifosat, yaitu sebesar 0,34 kg N2O/ha/musim, dan tertinggi pada perlakuan tanpa olah tanah dengan penambahan herbisida paraquat yaitu sebesar 0,65 kg N2O/ha/musim. Hasil padi pada semua perlakuan menunjukkan nilai yang tidak berbeda nyata. Faktor emisi N2O langsung dari lahan padi sawah irigasi dengan perlakuan olah tanah dan herbisida berkisar antara 0,0008 – 0,0015 kg N2O-N/kg N dengan kisaran hasil padi sebesar 4,96 – 5,12 t/ha GKG. Secara total, yang dinyatakan dengan GWP, perlakuan tanpa olah tanah menimbulkan emisi GRK yang lebih kecil dibanding perlakuan olah tanah sempurna

Kata kunci: olah tanah, herbisida, GWP, CH4, N2O

ABSTRACT

No-tillage (NT) management has been promoted as a practice capable of offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of its ability to sequester carbon in soils. Even FAO and many countries, are now being widely developed what so called conservation agriculture, on how to grow crops with minimize soil disturbance or also known as No tillage/Zero tillage. This study aimed to obtain information CH4 and N2O emissions and grain yield from rice fields in the tropics with tillage treatments. The experiment was arranged in a randomized factorial design with 3 replications. The treatments tested consisted of two factors, namely the first factor was tillage (1) deep tillage, (2) zero tillage, and the second factor is application of herbicide in the form of (1) glyphosate, (2) paraquat and (3) without herbicides, using tiles row spacing (20 x 20 cm). In DS 2015, the lowest CH4 emissions resulted from no-tillage (TOT) treatment combined with the application of glyphosate, which amounted to 201 kg CH4/ha/ season and the highest resulted from deep tillage treatment combined with no herbicide, which amounted to 353 kg CH4/ha/season. Daily CH4 fluxes from No tillage treatment are lower than those from deep tillage treatments. The lowest N2O emissions resulted from deep tillage treatments combined with the application of glyphosate, which amounted to 0.34 kg N2O/ha/season, and the highest resulted from no-tillage treatment combined with paraquat, which amounted to 0.65 kg N2O/ha/season. Rice yield were not significantly different among treatments. Direct N2O factors emissions from irrigated rice field applied tillage and herbicide treatments ranged from 0.0008 to 0.0015 kg N2O-N/kg N with rice yield range of 4.96 to 5.12 t/ha. In total, expressed by GWP, no tillage treatment resulted lower GHG emissions than deep tillage treatments.

Keywords: tillage, herbicide, GWP, CH4, N2O

Citation: Ariani, M., Yulianingrum, H. dan Setyanto, P. (2017). Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Hasil Padi dari Cara Olah Tanah dan Pemberian Herbisida Di Lahan Sawah MK 2015. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2), 74-82, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.74-82

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Keywords: olah tanah, herbisida, GWP, CH4, N2O
Funding: Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian

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  1. Opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emission from paddy rice fields in Indonesia

    H L Susilawati, P Setyanto. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 200 , 2018. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/200/1/012027