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Analisis Neraca Air Lahan untuk Tanaman Padi dan Jagung Di Kota Bengkulu

1Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), Indonesia

2Researcher in Meteorological Research Division - Center for Research and Development - Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)

3Researcer in Meteorological Research Division - Center for Research and Development - Indonesian Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG)

Received: 11 Oct 2017; Published: 15 Nov 2017.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Ketersediaan air tanah yang sebagian besar berasal dari curah hujan merupakan faktor pembatas yang penting bagi peningkatan produksi suatu tanaman. Neraca air merupakan suatu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat ketersediaan air tanah bagi tanaman pada waktu tertentu. Prosedur perhitungan neraca air dibuat berdasarkan sistem tata buku Thorntwaite dan Mather (1957) dengan satuan tinggi air (mm). Analisis ketersediaan air tanah secara grafik disajikan dalam periode bulanan, mulai Januari hingga Desember secara klimatologis. Data yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah data rata-rata jumlah curah hujan bulanan dan suhu rata-rata bulanan tahun 1985-2011 dari Stasiun Klimatologi Pulau Baai Bengkulu yang mewakili daerah penelitian yaitu wilayah Kota Bengkulu dan data tanah Kota Bengkulu. Wilayah Kota Bengkulu memiliki ketersediaan air yang sangat cukup dengan persentase air tersedia setiap bulannya 100%, yang dibuktikan dari hasil perhitungan, oleh karena itu Kota Bengkulu memiliki nilai surplus sepanjang tahun. Pada kondisi jumlah curah hujan bulanan yang cukup tinggi berkisar 179 - 458 mm, suhu yang relatif rendah berkisar 25,9 - 26,9 ˚C, dan lahan dengan nilai surplus yang tinggi seperti ini, di wilayah Kota Bengkulu baik untuk ditanami padi, sedangkan untuk penanaman jagung kurang baik.

Kata kunci: neraca air, curah hujan, kesesuaian lahan, suhu udara, klasifikasi oldeman

ABSTRACT

The availability of groundwater most of which comes from rainfall is an important limiting factor for increasing the production of a plant. Water balance is a method that can be used to see the availability of ground water for plants at a certain time. The water balance calculation procedure is based on the Thorntwaite and Mather book keeping system (1957) with water unit (mm). Analysis of groundwater availability graphically is presented in monthly periods, from January to December climatologically. The data used in this analysis is the average data of the amount of monthly rainfall and the average monthly temperature of 1985-2011 from Bengkulu Island Climatology Station representing the research area of Bengkulu City and Bengkulu City land data. Bengkulu City has a very good water supply with percentage of water available every month 100%, as evidenced from the calculation, therefore Bengkulu City has surplus value throughout years. While conditions of high monthly rainfall is quite high ranging from 179 - 458 mm , Relatively low temperatures ranging from 25.9 - 26.9 ˚C, and land with a high surplus value like this, in the area of Bengkulu City is suitable for planting rice, whereas for the planting of maize is less suitable.

Keywords: water balance, rainfall, land suitability, air temperature, oldeman classification

Citation: Paski, J.A.I., Faski, G.I.S.L., Handoyo, M.F. dan Pertiwi, D.A.S. (2017). Analisis Neraca Air Lahan untuk Tanaman Padi dan Jagung di Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2), 83-89, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.83-89
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Keywords: neraca air, curah hujan, kesesuaian lahan, suhu udara, klasifikasi oldeman
Funding: Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG)

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