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Pemodelan Spasial Erosi Kualitatif Berbasis Raster (Studi Kasus di DAS Serang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo)

1Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo, Indonesia

2Fakultas Geografi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Published: 12 Nov 2017.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

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Abstract

Erosi merupakan salah satu fenomena alam yang banyak dikaji karena melibatkan banyak faktor yaitu vegetasi, tanah, iklim, topografi dan manusia.  Kompleksitas faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi erosi disederhanakan melalui pemodelan untuk memprediksi tingkat erosi pada suatu wilayah dengan memanfaatkan data penginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis. Faktor yang digunakan dalam menyusun model hanya melibatkan tiga faktor yaitu vegetasi, tanah dan lereng. Penelitian ini dilakukan di DAS Serang karena termasuk salah satu DAS yang berada dalam kondisi kritis yang dapat memicu terjadinya degradasi lahan, erosi dan longsor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui distribusi spasial tingkat erosi kualitatif di DAS Serang. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah integrasi peginderaan jauh dan sistem informasi geografis berbasis raster. Validasi model dilakukan dengan melihat faktor topografi dan indikator erosi kualitatif di lapangan yaitu armour layer, singkapan akar, pedestal, erosi alur dan gully. Hasil penelitian menunjukan model yang dihasilkan sangat efektif sebagai solusi cepat prediksi erosi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tingkat erosi sangat berat mendominasi di wilayah kajian yaitu sebagian besar di kecamatan Kokap, Girimulyo dan sebagian Pengasih.

Kata kunci: Erosi, Model, Kualitatif, DAS Serang

English Title: Spatial Modeling of Raster Based  Qualitative Erosion

ABSTRACT

Erosion is one of the natural phenomena that's studied by many because it involves many factors, namely vegetation, soil, climate, topography and humans. The complexity of the factors affecting erosion is simplified through modeling to predict of erosion rates in a region by utilizing remote sensing data and geographic information systems. The erosion control factor used in this research fewer parameters, namely vegetation, soil and topography only. This research was conducted in Serang watershed because it is one of the watersheds which are in critical conditions which can trigger land degradation, erosion and landslides. The purpose of this research was to know the spatial distribution of erosion susceptibility levels in Serang watershed. The approach used was the integration of remote sensing and raster-based geographic information system. Model validation was undertaken based on topograhy factor and observation of qualitative erosion indicators in the field. The indicators used were pedestals, armor layers, root exposure, or other erosion featuress such as rill and gullies. The results show that the resulting model is more effective as a quick solution to the prediction of erosion. Based on the results of the analysis, the spatial distribution of erosion rates is very dominant in the study area, mostly in Kokap, Girimulyo and some of the sub-districts.

Keywords: Erosion, Modeling, Qualitative, Serang watershed

Citation: Arif, N., Danoedoro, P., dan Hartono. (2017). Pemodelan Spasial Erosi Kualitatif Berbasis Raster Studi Kasus di DAS Serang, Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 15(2),127-134, doi:10.14710/jil.15.2.127-134
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Keywords: Erosi, Model, Kualitatif, DAS Serang
Funding: Kementrian Riset, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi, Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional

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