skip to main content

Budidaya Kopi Rakyat dengan Pengeelolaan Bahan Organik Mengurangi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Cadangan Karbon

1Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian, Indonesia

2Jalan Raya jakenan Jaken Km 5 kotak pos 5, Jaken, Pati, Jawa Tengah 59182, Indonesia

3Dinas Pertanian Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, Jalan Polisi Militer 7A Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Indonesia, Indonesia

Received: 14 Nov 2019; Published: 29 Apr 2020.
Editor(s): Sudarno Utomo

Citation Format:
Abstract

Peningkatan konsentrasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) akibat dari kegiatan pertanian akan menyebabkan perubahan iklim. Dampak perubahan iklim akan mengancam produktivitas tanaman kopi. Upaya mitigasi GRK perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah penuruan produktvitas kopi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui emisi GRK dan cadangan karbon dari perbedaan jenis pupuk yang diberikan (sistem organik dan konvensional)  di perkebunan kopi rakyat di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan  pada lahan perkebunan kopi rakyat di Desa Radabata, Kecamatan Golewa, Kabupaten Ngada, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT). Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua lokasi dengan sistem budidaya konvensional (tanpa penambahan bahan organik) dan organik (penambahan bahan organik). Kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah pengukuran gas rumah kaca (GRK) serta cadangan karbon. PengukuranGRK menggunakan metode sungkup tertutup dengan 4 titik pengambilan sampel. Perhitungan cadangan karbon dengan pengambilan sampel biomassa kering denga metode RaCSA (Rapid Carbon Stock’s Assesment). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkebunan kopi mampu menurunkan GWP sebesar 24,77 % dibandingkan pada sistem konvensional. Perkebunan kopi rakyat dengan sistem konvensional menghasilkan cadangan karbon dan serapan karbon yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sistem organik. Keragaman jenis tanaman penaung, umur tanaman dan sistem budidaya sangat mempengaruh cadangan karbon yang dihasilkan pada suatu lahan. Pengelolaan perkebunan secara organik dengan tanaman tahunan sebagai penaung (Agrogorestri) merupakan kegiatan ramah lingkungan sebagai upaya mitigasi gas rumah kaca.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Emisi GRK, tanaman kopi, cadanngan karbon, mitigasi, agroforestri

Article Metrics:

  1. Bale J, Masters GJ, Hodkinson ID, Awmack C, et al. (2002) Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores.Glob Change Biol 8: 1–16
  2. Berisso FE, P Schjønning, T Keller, M Lamandé, A Simojoki, BV Iversen, L Alakukku & J Forkman (2013). Gas transport and subsoil pore characteristics: anisotropy and long-term effects of compaction. Geoderma 195–196, 184–191
  3. Bisang, B.W., F. Jansen., K. Linne., T. Nguyen., H. Wals. 2016. Climate Change And Vietnamese Coffee Production (Manual On Climate Change Adaptation And Mitigation In The Coffee Sector For Local Trainersand Coffee Farmers). Implementing Agent Coffe Climate Care (C3) : 46p
  4. Cerdan, C.R., M.C. Rebolledo., G.Soto., B. Rapidel., and F.L Sinclair. 2012. Lokal Knowledge of Impact of Tree Cover on Ecosystem Services in Smallholder Coffe Production System. Journal Agricultural System 111: 119-130 p
  5. Fain, S.J., M. Quinones., L. Nora., A. Berroz., K. Isabel., P. Ramos., and W.A. Gould. 2017. Climate Change and Coffe: Assessing Vulnerability by Modelling Future Climate Suitability in the Caribbean Island of Puerto Rico. Climatic Change: 12p. DOI 10.1007/s10584-017-1949-5
  6. Graham RF, SE Wortman & CM Pittelkow (2017). Comparison of organic and integrated nutrient management strategies for reducing soil N2O emissions. Sustainability 9, 510; doi: 10.3390/su9040510www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability
  7. Groenen, Danielle. 2018. The Effect of Climate Change on the Pest and Desease of Coffe Crops in Mesoamerica. Journal of Climatology & Weather Forecasting 6(3): 5p. DOI: 10.4172/2332-2594.1000239
  8. Hairiah K & S Rahayu (2007). Pengukuran 'karbon tersimpan' di berbagai macam penggunaan lahan. Bogor. World. Agroforestry Centre - ICRAF, SEA Regional Office, University of Brawijaya, Unibraw, Indonesia. 77 p. 979-3198-35-4
  9. Hairiah, K dan S. Rahayu. 2010. Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim: Agroforestry kopi untuk mempertahankan cadangan karbon lanskap. Simposium Kopi: 31 hal
  10. Hairiah, K,, S, Dewi, F, Agus, S, Velarde, A, Ekadinata, S, Rahayu, and M, van Noordwijk, 2011, Measuring Carbon Stock Across Land Use Systems: A manual, World Agroforestry Centre, ICRAFSE Asia Regional Office, Bogor, 154 pp
  11. Houghton, R, A,, J, D, Unruh, and P, A, Lefebvre (1993), Current land cover in the tropics and its potential for sequestering carbon, Global Biogeochem, Cycles, 7: 305–320
  12. Hergoualc’h, K., 2008. Soil Greenhouse Gases Emissions and Carbon Storage in Coffee Plantations on Andosols in Tropical Climate. CATIE/CIRAD Costa Rica/ Montpellier, PhD Thesis, 229 p
  13. IAEA-International Atomic Energy Agency 1992. 1992. “Manual on Measurement of Methane.” Manual on Measurement ofMethane and Nitrous Oxide Emission from Agricultural.52. https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/24/019/24019160.pdf
  14. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2000), Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry: 2000 Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by R, T, Watson et al,, Cambridge Univ, Press, New York
  15. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2014. Climate change 2014: Impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part a: Global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of working group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Technical Report
  16. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2006. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Prepared by The National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, In Eggleston H.S., Buendia, L., Miwa, K., Ngara, T. & Tanabe, K. (Eds.). IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Programme, Published by IGES
  17. Jaramillo, J., E. Muchugu., F.E. Vega., A. Davis., C. Borgemeister., A.C. Olaye. 2011. Some Like It Hot : The Influence and Implication of Climate Change on Coffe Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei) and Coffe Production in East Africa. PLoS ONE 6 (9) : 14p
  18. Jaramillo, SE., Osario A, dan Coreea GA. 2017. Emission and Fixation of greenhouse gases in potential specialty coffee production zones in Antiquia-Colombia. Rev.Fac.Nac.Agron 70(3): 8341-8349p
  19. Javed, I., R.Hu., S. Lin, R. Hatano, M.Feng , L. Lu, B. Ahamadoau, and L. Du. 2009. CO2 emission in a subtropical red paddy soil (ultisol) as affect by straw and N-Fertilizer application : A case study in SOuthertn China. Agricultural, Ecosytem and Environment 131 : 292-302
  20. Kementan (Kementerian Pertanian). 2015. Rencana Strategis Kementerian Pertanian 2015-2019. Sekretariat Jenderal, Kemenratiena Pertanian. 339 hlm
  21. Kilian, B., L. Rivena., M. Soto and D. Navichoc. 2013. Carbon footprint across the coffe supplay chain: the case of Costa Rican coffee. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technologi B (3): 151-170p
  22. Maina, JJ., UN Mutwiwa., GM Kituu and M. Githiru. 2015. Evaluatioan of greenhouse gas emission along teh small-holder coffe supply chain in Kenya. Journal of Sustainable Research in Enginering 2(4): 111-120p
  23. Minamikawa, K., T.Tokida., S. Sudo., A. Padre., K. Yagi., P. Setyanto., TD Hoa., A Chidthaisong., EB Sibayan., Y Takata., dan T Yamaguchi. Guidelines for Measuring CH4 and N2O Emissions from Rice Paddies by a Manually Operated Closed Chamber Methode (version1). National Institute for Agro Environmental Science. Japan. 80p
  24. Noponen, M.R.A., J.P. Haggar., G. E. Jones., and J. R. Healey. 2013. Intensification of Coffe System Can Increase The Effectiveness of REDD Mechanisms. Agricultural System 119 : 1-9p
  25. Peng S, S Piao, T Wang, T Sun & Shen Z (2009). Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China. Soil Biol Biochem 41(5): 1008–1014p
  26. Pramono, A dan Sadmaka. 2018. Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca, Cadangan Karbon, serta Strategi Adaptasi dan Mitigasi pada Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Menara Perkebunan 86(2):62-71
  27. Prasetyo, SB., N. Aini dan D. Maghfoer. 2017. Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Produktivitas Kopi Robusta di Kabupaten Malang. Jurnal produksi Tanaman 5(5): 805-811
  28. Pusdatin. 2017. Statistik Pertanian, Kementrian Pertanian, 408 hal
  29. Rachawat, T., Chiarakorn, S., Chidthaisong., A. 2015. Greenhouse gas Emission of Robusta Coffe Plantation in Thailand. The Asian Conference on Sustainability, Energy & the Environment 2015 Official Conference Proceedings. 8p
  30. Rochmayanto, Y., A. Wibowo., M. Lugina., T. Butarbutar., RM. Mulyadin., dan D. Wicaksono. 2014. Cadangan karbon pada berbagai tipe hutan dan jenis tanaman di Indonesia (Seri 2). Kanisius. Yogyakarta. 108 hal
  31. Sevenster, M and J Verhagen. 2010. GHG Emission of green coffe production: Toward standart metodologi for carbon footprinting. CE Delft. 47 p
  32. Syakir, M dan E. Surmaini. 2017. Perubahan iklim dalam konteks system produksi dan pengembangan kopi di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian 36(2): 77-90
  33. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2005. Adaptation Policy Framework for Climate Change
  34. Verchot, L,V,, L, Hutabarat,, K, Hairiah,, and M, Van Noordwijk, 2006, Nitrogen Availability and Soil N2O Emission Following Conversion of Forest to Coffe in Southern Sumatra, Global Biogeochemical Cycle 20, GB4008
  35. Wibawa, A., F. Yuliasmara dan R. Erwiyono. 2010. Estimasi Cadangan Karbon pada Perkebunan Kopi di Jawa Timur. Pelita Perkebunan 26: 1-11
  36. Widayat, HP., A. Anhar., dan A. Baihaqi. 2015. Dampak Perubahan iklim terhadap Produksi, Kualitas Hasil serta Pendapatan Petani Kopi Arabika di Aceh Tengah. Agrisep 16(2):8-16

Last update:

  1. Analisis Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Koperasi Kopi Amungme Gold

    Natalia Tsolme, Bayu Krisnamurthi, Suharno Suharno. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia , 12 (1), 2024. doi: 10.29244/jai.2024.12.1.77-91

Last update: 2024-11-20 02:36:16

No citation recorded.