DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.1.205-214

Potensi Energi Terbarukan dari Pemanfaatan Energi Biogas POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan di Provinsi Jambi

Sekolah Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Received: 2 Mar 2023; Revised: 16 Aug 2023; Accepted: 24 Sep 2023; Available online: 21 Nov 2023; Published: 10 Dec 2023.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Energi berperan penting dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Ketersediaan dan akses yang merata terhadap energi bersih merupakan suatu tantangan yang dihadapi saat ini. Indonsia sebagai negara produsen minyak sawit mentah Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di dunia dengan produksi mencapai 45.12 juta ton pada tahun 2021. Seiring dengan peningkatan volume produksi yang besar tersebut akan menghasilkan sejumlah besar limbah cair pabrik sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Penguraian POME secara anaerobik akan menghasilkan biogas yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. POME yang tidak dikelola dengan baik akan berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dikarenakan kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang tinggi, apabila langsung dibuang ke kolam terbuka maka akan melepas gas metana ke atmosfer sebagai emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK).  Namun jika dikelola dengan tepat akan memberikan nilai tambah secara ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan terutama dalam hal pengurangan GRK dan pencemaran sumber daya air. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membahas potensi energi terbarukan dari pemanfaatan energi biogas POME. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif  dengan melakukan survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik POME memiliki suhu 70 – 900C, bersifat asam dengan pH 4 - 5,5 dan kandungan COD tinggi yaitu 80.000 – 120.000 mg/L, dengan proses anaerobik sistem tanki reaktor menghasilkan biogas dengan rasio sekitar 30 – 40 Nm3/ton POME.  Biometana sebagai komponen utama biogas yang dihasilkan dari penguraian POME dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan pengganti fosil. Potensi energi terbarukan dari POME di Provinsi Jambi besar dengan total kapasitas pabrik sebesar 3.437 ton TBS/jam, berpotensi menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 2.160 GWH/tahun. Tantangan dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan dari POME dikarenakan biaya investasi yang tinggi dan juga kebijakan yang ada belum memudahkan investor untuk pengembangan energi terbarukan di pabrik kelapa sawit.
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Keywords: Biogas; metana; energi terbarukan; POME; sawit; Chemical Oxygen Demand

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