skip to main content

Potensi Energi Terbarukan dari Pemanfaatan Energi Biogas POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) sebagai Sumber Energi Terbarukan di Provinsi Jambi

Sekolah Ilmu Lingkungan, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Received: 2 Mar 2023; Revised: 16 Aug 2023; Accepted: 24 Sep 2023; Available online: 21 Nov 2023; Published: 10 Dec 2023.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

Citation Format:
Abstract
Energi berperan penting dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Ketersediaan dan akses yang merata terhadap energi bersih merupakan suatu tantangan yang dihadapi saat ini. Indonsia sebagai negara produsen minyak sawit mentah Crude Palm Oil (CPO) di dunia dengan produksi mencapai 45.12 juta ton pada tahun 2021. Seiring dengan peningkatan volume produksi yang besar tersebut akan menghasilkan sejumlah besar limbah cair pabrik sawit atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Penguraian POME secara anaerobik akan menghasilkan biogas yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. POME yang tidak dikelola dengan baik akan berdampak negatif terhadap lingkungan dikarenakan kandungan Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) yang tinggi, apabila langsung dibuang ke kolam terbuka maka akan melepas gas metana ke atmosfer sebagai emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK).  Namun jika dikelola dengan tepat akan memberikan nilai tambah secara ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan terutama dalam hal pengurangan GRK dan pencemaran sumber daya air. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk membahas potensi energi terbarukan dari pemanfaatan energi biogas POME. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif  dengan melakukan survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik POME memiliki suhu 70 – 900C, bersifat asam dengan pH 4 - 5,5 dan kandungan COD tinggi yaitu 80.000 – 120.000 mg/L, dengan proses anaerobik sistem tanki reaktor menghasilkan biogas dengan rasio sekitar 30 – 40 Nm3/ton POME.  Biometana sebagai komponen utama biogas yang dihasilkan dari penguraian POME dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi terbarukan pengganti fosil. Potensi energi terbarukan dari POME di Provinsi Jambi besar dengan total kapasitas pabrik sebesar 3.437 ton TBS/jam, berpotensi menghasilkan energi listrik sebesar 2.160 GWH/tahun. Tantangan dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan dari POME dikarenakan biaya investasi yang tinggi dan juga kebijakan yang ada belum memudahkan investor untuk pengembangan energi terbarukan di pabrik kelapa sawit.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Biogas; metana; energi terbarukan; POME; sawit; Chemical Oxygen Demand

Article Metrics:

  1. Ahmad, A., & Ghufran, R. (2018). Review on industrial wastewater energy sources and carbon emission reduction: Towards a clean production. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 12(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2018.1423647
  2. Ahmed, Y., Yaakob, Z., Akhtar, P., & Sopian, K. (2015). Production of biogas and performance evaluation of existing treatment processes in palm oil mill effluent (POME). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 1260–1278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.073
  3. Aziz, N. I. H. A., Hanafiah, M. M., Gheewala, S. H., & Ismail, H. (2020). Bioenergy for a Cleaner Future: A Case Study of Sustainable Biogas Supply Chain in the Malaysian Energy Sector. Sustainability, 12(8), 3213. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12083213
  4. Babel, S., Sae-Tang, J., & Pecharaply, A. (2009). Anaerobic co-digestion of sewage and brewery sludge for biogas production and land application. International Journal of Environmental Science & Technology, 6(1), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326067
  5. Booneimsri, P., Kubaha, K., & Chullabodhi, C. (2018). Increasing power generation with enhanced cogeneration using waste energy in palm oil mills. Energy Science & Engineering, 6(3), 154–173. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.196
  6. Chin, M. J., Poh, P. E., Tey, B. T., Chan, E. S., & Chin, K. L. (2013). Biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME): Opportunities and challenges from Malaysia’s perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 26, 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.008
  7. Creutzig, F., Ravindranath, N. H., Berndes, G., Bolwig, S., Bright, R., Cherubini, F., Chum, H., Corbera, E., Delucchi, M., Faaij, A., Fargione, J., Haberl, H., Heath, G., Lucon, O., Plevin, R., Popp, A., Robledo-Abad, C., Rose, S., Smith, P., … Masera, O. (2015). Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: An assessment. GCB Bioenergy, 7(5), 916–944. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12205
  8. Dincer, I. (2000). Renewable energy and sustainable development: A crucial review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 4(2), 157–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00011-8
  9. Erdiwansyah, Mamat, R., Sani, M. S. M., & Sudhakar, K. (2019). Renewable energy in Southeast Asia: Policies and recommendations. Science of The Total Environment, 670, 1095–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.273
  10. Fikri Hamzah, M. A., Abdul, P. M., Mahmod, S. S., Azahar, A. M., & Jahim, J. Md. (2020). Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Acidified Palm Oil Mill Effluent under Various Organic Loading Rates and Temperatures. Water, 12(9), 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092432
  11. Harahap, F., Leduc, S., Mesfun, S., Khatiwada, D., Kraxner, F., & Silveira, S. (2019). Opportunities to Optimize the Palm Oil Supply Chain in Sumatra, Indonesia. Energies, 12(3), 420. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030420
  12. IEA. (2019). Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2019. IEA, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/southeast-asia-energy-outlook-2019
  13. IPCC. (2014). Summary for Policymakers (In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Field, C.B., V.R. Barros, D.J. Dokken, K.J. Mach, M.D. Mastrandrea, T.E. Bilir, M. Chatterjee, K.L. Ebi, Y.O. Estrada, R.C. Genova, B. Girma, E.S. Kissel, A.N. Levy, S. MacCracken, P.R. Mastrandrea, and L.L. White (Eds.)], p. 34). Cambridge University Press
  14. IRENA. (2017). Renewable Energy Prospects: Indonesia, a REmap analysis. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). www.irena.org/remap
  15. Iskandar, M. J., Baharum, A., Anuar, F. H., & Othaman, R. (2018). Palm oil industry in South East Asia and the effluent treatment technology—A review. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 9, 169–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.11.003
  16. Junginger, M., Koppejan, J., & Goh, C. S. (2020). Sustainable bioenergy deployment in East and South East Asia: Notes on recent trends. Sustainability Science, 15(5), 1455–1459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-019-00712-w
  17. Khatun, R., Reza, M. I. H., Moniruzzaman, M., & Yaakob, Z. (2017). Sustainable oil palm industry: The possibilities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 76, 608–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.077
  18. Lestari, D., Matondang, R., & Matondang, N. (2021). Green manufacturing design in palm oil mills Sei Mangkei PTPN III. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1122(1), 012046. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1122/1/012046
  19. Lönnqvist, T., Sanches-Pereira, A., & Sandberg, T. (2015). Biogas potential for sustainable transport – a Swedish regional case. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 1105–1114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.07.036
  20. Mahmod, S. S., Jahim, J. M., & Abdul, P. M. (2017). Pretreatment conditions of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for thermophilic biohydrogen production by mixed culture. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(45), 27512–27522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.07.178
  21. Maršálek, J., Brož, P., & Bobák, M. (2020). Complex biogas membrane upgrading to BioCNG at agriculture biogas plant. Chemical Papers, 74(12), 4227–4239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-020-01238-7
  22. Moraes, B. S., Petersen, S. O., Zaiat, M., Sommer, S. G., & Triolo, J. M. (2017). Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from vinasse through anaerobic digestion. Applied Energy, 189, 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.009
  23. Mustikaningsih, D., Primiana, I., Sucherly, & Febrian, E. (2019). Partnership Strategy Model in Developing Renewable Power Plant: Case Study in Indonesia. EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, XXII(Issue 2), 41–63. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1425
  24. Nasution, M. A., Wulandari, A., Ahamed, T., & Noguchi, R. (2020). Alternative POME Treatment Technology in the Implementation of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO), and Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) Standards Using LCA and AHP Methods. Sustainability, 12(10), 4101. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104101
  25. Ohimain, E. I., & Izah, S. C. (2017). A review of biogas production from palm oil mill effluents using different configurations of bioreactors. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70, 242–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.221
  26. Pilloni, M., Hamed, T. A., & Joyce, S. (2020). Assessing the success and failure of biogas units in Israel: Social niches, practices, and transitions among Bedouin villages. Energy Research & Social Science, 61, 101328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101328
  27. Ramadhani, L. I., Damayanti, S. I., Sudibyo, H., Azis, M. M., & Budhijanto, W. (2020). The Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Biomethane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 10(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.20639
  28. Ramdani, F., & Hino, M. (2013). Land Use Changes and GHG Emissions from Tropical Forest Conversion by Oil Palm Plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia. PLoS ONE, 8(7), e70323. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070323
  29. Rianawati, E., Sagala, S., Hafiz, I., Anhorn, J., Alemu, S., Hilbert, J., Rosslee, D., Mohammed, M., Salie, Y., Rutz, D., Rohrer, M., Sainz, A., Kirchmeyr, F., Zacepins, A., & Hofmann, F. (2021). The potential of Biogas in Energy Transition in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1143(1), 012031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1143/1/012031
  30. Saputro, S. H., & Sudibandriyo, M. (2020). Feasibility Study of Biogas Upgrading Facility Development from Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent in Indonesia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3796135
  31. Sharvini, S. R., Noor, Z. Z., Chong, C. S., Stringer, L. C., & Glew, D. (2020). Energy generation from palm oil mill effluent: A life cycle assessment of two biogas technologies. Energy, 191, 116513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2019.116513
  32. Styles, D., Dominguez, E. M., & Chadwick, D. (2016). Environmental balance of the UK biogas sector: An evaluation by consequential life cycle assessment. Science of The Total Environment, 560–561, 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.236
  33. Ullah Khan, I., Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, M., Hashim, H., Matsuura, T., Ismail, A. F., Rezaei-DashtArzhandi, M., & Wan Azelee, I. (2017). Biogas as a renewable energy fuel – A review of biogas upgrading, utilisation and storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 150, 277–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.035
  34. Uusitalo, V., Väisänen, S., Havukainen, J., Havukainen, M., Soukka, R., & Luoranen, M. (2014). Carbon footprint of renewable diesel from palm oil, jatropha oil and rapeseed oil. Renewable Energy, 69, 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.03.020
  35. Widya Yudha, S., & Tjahjono, B. (2019). Stakeholder Mapping and Analysis of the Renewable Energy Industry in Indonesia. Energies, 12(4), 602. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12040602
  36. Woittiez, L. S., van Wijk, M. T., Slingerland, M., van Noordwijk, M., & Giller, K. E. (2017). Yield gaps in oil palm: A quantitative review of contributing factors. European Journal of Agronomy, 83, 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.11.002

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-11-02 12:51:52

No citation recorded.