Kelimpahan Mikroplastik pada Air Limbah Domestik dan Penyisihannya di IPAL Bojongsoang, Kota Bandung

Nurul Setiadewi, Cynthia Henny, Denalis Rohaningsih, Agus Waluyo, Prayatni Soewondo


DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.22.2.401-407

Abstract


Mikroplastik dapat masuk ke Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) melalui jaringan perpipaan air limbah. Keberadaan IPAL berpotensi mengurangi jumlah mikroplastik yang masuk sebagai influen. Meski demikian, efluen IPAL masih mengandung mikroplastik dengan rentang konsentrasi yang bervariasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan mikroplastik serta karakterisasinya pada air limbah yang berasal dari IPAL perkotaan di Bojongsoang Kota Bandung. Metode pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi, kuantifikasi, dan karakterisasi dilakukan berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik terdeteksi di influen IPAL Bojongsoang dengan konsentrasi sebesar 15,45 partikel/liter dan berkurang menjadi sebesar rata-rata 1,49 partikel/liter di efluen. Berdasarkan bentuknya, fiber ditemukan paling dominan berada baik di influen maupun efluen, dengan kisaran 60,51-79,01%. Bentuk lainnya yang mendominasi adalah fragmen dengan rentang persentase 19,41-36,89%. Sementara, bentuk mikroplastik film, foam, dan microbead tidak banyak terdeteksi pada air limbah, dengan persentase rata-rata di bawah 5%. Mikroplastik berukuran 1000-5000 μm paling banyak ditemukan di inlet dibandingkan ukuran yang lebih kecil, dengan persentase sebesar 31,71%. Di titik outlet, mikroplastik banyak ditemukan yang berukuran di bawah 500 μm, dengan kisaran 7,27 - 24,95%. Warna mikroplastik di influen dan efluen yang ditemukan paling banyak adalah putih atau transparan (34,87 - 40,13%) dan hitam (14,54 - 23,14%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan IPAL Bojongsoang dapat menyisihkan mikroplastik yang terdapat pada air limbah secara efektif, dengan efisiensi penyisihan sebesar 89,97%.

Keywords


mikroplastik; air limbah domestik; kelimpahan; karakteristik; IPAL

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