DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.23.6.%25p

Utilization of Medical Waste Ash as Planting Media: A Preliminary Review

1Magister of Environmental Science Study Program, Graduate School, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Faculty of Agricultural Industrial Technology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia

3Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia

4 Faculty of Economics and Business, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, Indonesia

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Received: 27 May 2025; Revised: 2 Feb 2026; Accepted: 11 Feb 2026; Published: 15 Mar 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
The treatment of medical waste through incineration technology breaks it down into gas and ash residue. The various types of medical waste contribute to the variety of heavy metals contained therein. Most of the potentially toxic metals (PTMs) released during the incineration process accumulate in the ash residue.  Medical waste incinerator ash (MWA), both fly ash and bottom ash, contain persistent and irreversible PTMs, and are hazardous substances.  Although it contains PTM, MWA has the potential to be applied to soil in the agricultural sector. These agronomic benefits are mainly related to the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. Medical waste incinerator ash has a clay-like texture. Generally, MWA contains calcium oxide (CaO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2), compounds that have the ability to improve soil. In addition, MWA also contains macro and micro nutrients, except nitrogen. The addition of food waste-based liquid organic materials that are rich in amino acids, such as Special Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POCI), apart from playing a role in adding nutrients to the planting media, also acts as a PTM chelator. This planting media has the potential to be applied to hyperaccumulator plants as cover crops or ornamental plants. This media can accelerate the rate of dissolution of PTM, thereby increasing metal uptake in hyperaccumulator plants. This has a positive impact by preventing the release of NCDs into the environment. From an economic perspective, improper utilization or management of AILM poses several risks to the environment and living organisms, which contribute to economic consequences. The utilization of AILM also has significant economic implications. Various internalities and externalities can arise from AILM utilization, both negative and positive, expected and unexpected

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Keywords: Medical waste ash; Planting media; Chelation; Internality; Externality

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Section: Research Article
Language : EN
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