DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.1.%25p

Struktur Komunitas dan Keanekaragaman Mangrove pada Gradien Gangguan Antropogenik di Hilir DAS Poso, Sulawesi Tengah

1Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Tadulako, Indonesia

2Balai Pengelolaan DAS Palu-Poso, Indonesia

3Program Studi Ilmu Pengelolaan Hutan, Departeman Manajemen Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia

Received: 22 Sep 2025; Revised: 18 Apr 2026; Accepted: 8 May 2026; Available online: 24 May 2026; Published: 11 Jun 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract
Ekosistem mangrove memiliki peran strategis dalam perlindungan pesisir, penyimpanan karbon, dan konservasi keanekaragaman hayati, namun mengalami tekanan akibat konversi lahan dan aktivitas antropogenik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas dan keanekaragaman mangrove pada gradasi kondisi ekosistem (terjaga dan terganggu) di hilir Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Poso, Sulawesi Tengah. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode line transect plot dan dianalisis melalui Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) serta indeks keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener (H’). Sebanyak 12 jenis mangrove dari 5 famili teridentifikasi. Pada kawasan terjaga, Rhizophora apiculata mendominasi strata pohon dan pancang (INP > 98%), sedangkan pada kawasan terganggu strata pohon didominasi Sonneratia alba dan strata regenerasi tetap didominasi R. apiculata. Nilai H’ pada seluruh strata berada pada kategori sedang (1,300–1,879), dengan kemerataan relatif tinggi (0,726–0,966). Penurunan H’ pada strata pancang di kawasan terganggu mengindikasikan tekanan ekologis pada fase pertumbuhan menengah, meskipun tidak terjadi kehilangan jenis secara drastis. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa gangguan di hilir DAS Poso lebih memengaruhi struktur dominansi dan dinamika regenerasi dibandingkan tingkat keragaman total. Kebaruan studi ini terletak pada analisis komparatif berbasis INP dan H’ untuk menilai respons komunitas mangrove terhadap gradasi gangguan sebagai dasar perumusan strategi pengelolaan berbasis zonasi ekologis dan pemantauan jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian memberikan landasan ilmiah bagi pengelolaan mangrove berkelanjutan pada wilayah pesisir dengan tekanan antropogenik yang meningkat.
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Keywords: DAS Poso; mangrove; konversi lahan; Indeks Nilai Penting; keanekaragaman Shannon–Wiener; struktur komunitas; regenerasi; zonasi ekologis

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