DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.24.6.1315-1326

Analysis of the Effects of Chlorine Dosage and Detention Time on the Removal Efficiency of Iron (Fe), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), and Turbidity

1Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mineral Technology and Energy, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia

2Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Pembangunan Nasional Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Received: 29 Jun 2026; Revised: 7 Sep 2026; Accepted: 9 Sep 2026; Available online: 2 Nov 2026; Published: 6 Nov 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

Iron (Fe) concentration in raw water at the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of PDAM Kotagede Yogyakarta remains relatively high and may cause treated water quality to fail compliance with clean water standards. The treatment system applied consist of a combination of multitray aeration and chlorination. However, under the existing treatment conditions, the chlorination process has a relatively limited detention time resulting the iron removal effectiveness has not yet reached optimal performance. This study aimed to analyze the effect of chlorine dosage variation and detention time on the removal effectiveness of iron (Fe), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity, as well as to determine the optimum treatment condition. This study employed a quantitative experimental method with experimental design consisting of chlorine dosage variations of 0; 2; 4; and 6 mg/L and detention times of 0; 30; 45; and 60 minutes. The analyzed parameters included iron (Fe), TDS,  and turbidity through laboratory testing. Data were analyzed descriptively and  using polynomial regression to determine the relationship pattern between chlorine dosage, detention time, and removal effectiveness of water quality parameters. The result showed that iron (Fe) removal effectiveness was influenced by the interaction between chlorine dosage and detention time with a nonlinear relationship pattern. Polynomial regression analysis indicated strong relationship with coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.9852 for chlorine dosage and 0.9346 for detention time. The optimum condition for iron removal was achieved at a chlorine dosage of 4 mg/L and a detention time of 60 minutes.

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Keywords: Chlorination; Detention Time; Iron (Fe); Turbidity; TDS; Water Treatment

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Section: Research Article
Language : EN
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