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Uji Toksisitas Akut Dalam Penentuan LC50-96H Insektisida Klorpirifos Terhadap Dua Jenis Ikan Budidaya Danau Kembar, Sumatera Barat

1Department of Environmental Engineering

2Faculty of Engineering

3Universitas Andalas

Received: 27 Feb 2018; Published: 10 Jun 2018.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan insektisida klorpirifos mencapai 99,8% oleh petani di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Fungsi utama klorpirifos dalam pertanian adalah melindungi tanaman jagung, kapas dan buah-buahan terhadap hama serangga. Klorpirifos yang telah disemprotkan ke tanaman, berpotensi terbilas oleh air dan mengalir ke wilayah perairan sehingga dapat mencemari ekosistem perairan. Salah satu biota perairan adalah ikan. Tak terkecuali kegiatan pertanian dan perkebunan di Kawasan Danau Kembar (Danau Di Ateh dan Danau Di Bawah), Sumatera Barat. Klorpirifos yang biasa digunakan para petani di kawasan ini adalah merk Dursban. Konsentrasi klorpirifos terdeteksi sebesar 0,007 mg/L di perairan danau tempat melakukan budidaya ikan. Jenis ikan yang biasa dibudidayakan di Danau Kembar adalah Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L) dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan uji toksisitas akut dan menganalisis nilai LC50-96h insektisida klorpirifos dengan menggunakan hewan uji dua jenis ikan budidaya tersebut pada skala laboratorium. Penentuan nilai LC50-96h mengacu pada Metode USEPA. Jumlah hewan uji untuk masing-masing jenis ikan adalah 240 ekor dengan umur ± 1 bulan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua kali pengulangan dengan metode static test. Uji toksisitas akut ini meliputi uji pendahuluan dan uji dasar. Pengujian berlangsung dalam kondisi fisik air sesuai batas yang diizinkan untuk pemeliharaan ikan budidaya yaitu pH 6 – 9, DO minimal 3 mg/L dan suhu 25 – 30 oC. Hasil penelitian uji toksisitas akut ini diperoleh nilai LC50-96h dengan menggunakan Metode Probit sebesar 0,03 mg/L (ikan mas) dan 0,08 mg/L (ikan nila). Berdasarkan nilai LC50-96h yang diperoleh, klorpirifos termasuk kategori sangat toksik, sehingga monitoring terhadap penggunaan insektisida ini sangat diperlukan.

Kata kunci: Danau Kembar, Ikan Mas, Ikan Nila, Klorpirifos, LC50-96h, Toksisitas Akut.

ABSTRACT

The use of chlorpyrifos insecticide reached 99.8% by farmers in West Sumatera Province. The main function of chlorpyrifos in agriculture is to protect corn, cotton and fruit trees against insect pests. Chlorpyrifos that have been sprayed into plants, potentially flushed by water and flowed into the water body so as to pollute the aquatic ecosystems. One of the aquatic biota is the fish. No exception agricultural and plantation activities in the area of Twin Lakes (Di Ateh Lake and Di Bawah Lake), West Sumatra. Chlorpyrifos commonly used by farmers in this region is the brand Dursban. Measurements of chlorpyrifos concentration was 0.007 mg/L in the waters of the lake where fish cultivation. Types of fish commonly cultivated in Twin Lakes are Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study aims to perform the acute toxicity test and analyze the value of LC50-96h chlorpyrifos insecticide by using the test animals of two species of fish cultivation on the laboratory scale. The determination of the LC50-96h value refers to the USEPA Method. The number of test animals for each species of fish is 240 with an age of ± 1 month. The study was conducted with two repetitions using static test method. These acute toxicity tests include preliminary and baseline tests. The test takes place in the physical condition of the water according to the permitted limits for the maintenance of the aquaculture fish ie pH 6 - 9, DO at least 3 mg/L and temperature 25 - 30oC. The results of this acute toxicity test obtained LC50-96h value using Probit Method of 0.03 mg/L (carp) and 0.08 mg/L (tilapia). Based on the value of LC50-96h obtained, chlorpyrifos is a highly toxic category, so monitoring of the use of insecticides is important.

Keywords: Twin Lakes, Common carp, Nile tilapia, Chlorpyrifos, LC50-96h, Acute Toxicity

Citation: Ihsan, T., Edwin, T., Husni, N., dan Rukmana, W.D. (2018). Uji Toksisitas Akut dalam Penentuan LC50-96h Insektisida Klorpirifos terhadap Dua Jenis Ikan Budidaya Danau Kembar, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 16(1), 98-103, doi:10.14710/jil.16.1.98-103

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Keywords: Twin Lakes, Common carp, Nile tilapia, Chlorpyrifos, LC50-96h, Acute Toxicity

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