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Trace Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) in Table salt from Banda Aceh and Their Implications for Food Safety

1Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia

2Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia

Received: 4 Jul 2026; Revised: 27 Aug 2026; Accepted: 29 Aug 2026; Available online: 29 Sep 2026; Published: 30 Sep 2026.
Editor(s): Budi Warsito

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Abstract

ABSTRAK

Garam dapur merupakan komoditas pangan esensial yang kualitasnya bergantung pada bahan baku dan proses produksinya. Air laut yang terkontaminasi serta proses pengolahan yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan masuknya logam berat berbahaya, terutama timbal (Pb) dan kadmium (Cd), yang berpotensi menimbulkan risiko bagi kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan logam berat timbal dan kadmium pada garam konsumsi yang beredar di Kota Banda Aceh serta mengevaluasi kesesuaiannya dengan standar keamanan pangan. Sebanyak dua sampel garam bermerek (Mamasuka dan Suprasalt) dan dua sampel garam tidak bermerek (produksi Bireun dan Lamnga) disambil secara acak dari pedagang di Pasar Mahira Kota Banda Aceh untuk dianalisis menggunaan AAS. Preparasi sampel dilakukan melalui pelarutan dan pengasaman menggunakan HNO₃, kemudian di analisis pada panjang gelombang spesifik untuk masing-masing logam. Data yang diperoleh berupa nilai absorbansi dikonversi menjadi konsentrasi menggunakan kurva kalibrasi standar dan di Uji ANOVA untuk melihat apakah terdapat pengaruh merek atau produsen garam terhadap konsentrasi logam berat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel garam mengandung Pb dan Cd dengan kisaran konsentrasi Pb sebesar 0,0040–0,0054 mg/kg dan Cd sebesar 0,0020–0,0024 mg/kg baik garam bermerek maupun tidak bermerek. Nilai tersebut berada jauh di bawah ambang batas maksimum yang ditetapkan dalam SNI 3556:2024, yaitu 2,0 mg/kg untuk Pb dan 0,5 mg/kg untuk Cd. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa merek atau produsen garam tidak berpengaruh yang signifikan kepada konsentrasi timbal dan kadmium di dalam garam. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa keempat sampel garam tersebut aman untuk dikonsumsi. Namun, mengingat sifat logam berat yang toksik dan bioakumulatif, diperlukan pemantauan secara berkala untuk memastikan kualitas dan keamanan pangan tetap terjaga. 

Kata kunci: Garam konsumsi, logam berat, timbal (Pb), kadmium (Cd), Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), kurva kalibrasi

ABSTRACT

Table salt is an essential food commodity whose quality depends on the raw materials and production processes. Contaminated seawater and improper processing may introduce hazardous heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), posing potential risks to human health. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of lead and cadmium in commercial table salt marketed in Banda Aceh City and to evaluate their compliance with food safety standards. Two branded salt samples (Mamasuka and Suprasalt) and two unbranded salt samples (produced in Bireuen and Lamnga) were randomly collected from vendors at Mahira Market, Banda Aceh, and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Sample preparation involved dissolution followed by acidification with HNO₃, after which the samples were analyzed at the characteristic wavelengths of each metal. Absorbance values were converted into concentrations using standard calibration curves, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine whether salt brand or producer significantly affected the concentrations of heavy metals. The results showed that all salt samples contained detectable levels of Pb and Cd, with Pb concentrations ranging from 0.0040 to 0.0054 mg/kg and Cd concentrations ranging from 0.0020 to 0.0024 mg/kg in both branded and unbranded salts. These concentrations were well below the maximum permissible limits established by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3556:2024). ANOVA results indicated that salt brand or producer had no significant effect on the concentrations of lead and cadmium. Therefore, all four salt samples can be considered safe for consumption. Nevertheless, considering the toxic and bioaccumulative nature of heavy metals, regular monitoring is recommended to ensure the continued quality and safety of table salt.

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