DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.1.1.2021.95-110

The Narrative And Collectivity Of The Deradicalization Movement Regarding Terror Actions In Indonesia: A Twitter Analysis

*Tawakkal Baharuddin  -  Program Islamic Politic, Political Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Rossi Maunofa Widayat  -  Government Science Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia
Zuly Qodir  -  Program Islamic Politic, Political Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Hasse Jubba  -  Program Islamic Politic, Political Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Citation Format:
Abstract

This study is based on the events of acts of terrorism and the finding of radicalization efforts in Indonesia. This situation requires a response from many parties, including civil society, that is more participatory in supporting deradicalization efforts. This study aims to analyze the role of social media in influencing the narrative and interest of community collectivities in the deradicalization movement in Indonesia. The method used is quantitative discourse analysis. The data source is social media Twitter, with analysis tools using Nvivo 12 Plus. The study findings explain that Twitter social media can be an alternative in forming participatory, educative, and preventive narratives against deradicalization efforts in Indonesia. The use of social media Twitter can also influence the community's collective interest to get involved in opposing radicalism, whether online or in public space. The results of this research is that deradicalization efforts can also be carried out by utilizing social media, especially by maximizing hashtag and meme features. This finding is an essential argument that deradicalization efforts cannot be carried out with the same approach as shown by radicalism, in that deradicalization is not carried out with arrogance or violence but with a more educative participatory approach. This approach maximizes the potential of social media, which has proven to be more accommodating to reaching the wider community and is more participatory. The substance of this study is seen as a recommendation for maximizing the deradicalization movement in countering radicalism in Indonesia. The limitations of this study are in the research method, which only analyzes specific data sources, so further research is needed that can utilize data sources, especially in exploring data sources from other social media platforms.

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Deradicalization; Radicalism; Terrorism; Twitter; Hashtags and Memes

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Village’s Digital Capital: Positioning and Implementation Concept Strengthening The Role Of The Village In The Preservation Of Customs During The Covid-19 Pandemic Radicalism VS Extremism: The Dilemma of Islam And Politics In Indonesia More recent articles
Most cited articles
ECONOMIC RESILIENCE PADA INDUSTRI KREATIF GUNAMENGHADAPI GLOBALISASI DALAM RANGKA KETAHANAN NASIONAL Peran Indonesia Dalam Memerangi Terorisme More cited articles
  1. Aguilar, G. K., Campbell, H. A., Stanley, M., & Taylor, E. (2017). Communicating mixed messages about religion through internet memes. Information Communication & Society, 20(10), 1498–1520 (doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1229004)
  2. Ahmad, T., Alvi, A., & Ittefaq, M. (2019). The Use of Social Media on Political Participation Among University Students: An Analysis of Survey Results From Rural Pakistan. SAGE Open, 9(3), 1–9 (doi: 10.1177/2158244019864484)
  3. Akram, W., & Kumar, R. (2017). A Study on Positive and Negative Effects of Social Media on Society. International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering, 5(10), 351–354 (doi: 10.26438/ijcse/v5i10.351354)
  4. Arifin, B. (2020). KURIKULUM ANTI-RADIKALISME DALAM PENDIDIKAN. Jurnal Pusaka, 8(1), 12–25
  5. Asongu, S. A., Orim, S. M. I., & Nting, R. T. (2019). Terrorism and Social Media: Global Evidence. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22(3), 208–228 (doi: 10.1080/1097198X.2019.1642023)
  6. Baaken, T., Korn, J., Ruf, M., & Walkenhorst, D. (2020). Dissecting deradicalization: Challenges for theory and practice in Germany. International Journal of Conflict and Violence, 14(2), 1–8 (doi: 10.4119/ijcv-3808)
  7. Badawy, A., & Ferrara, E. (2018). The Rise of Jihadist Propaganda on Social Networks. Journal of Computational Social Science, 1(2), 453–470. (doi: 10.1007/s42001-018-0015-z)
  8. Baharuddin, T., Jubba, H., Nurmandi, A., & Qodir, Z. (2022). Online Social Trust in Government: Analysis of Government Policy During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Democracy and Social Transformation, ICON-DEMOST 2021 (doi: 10.4108/eai.15-9-2021.2315575)
  9. Baharuddin, T., Salahudin, S., Sairin, S., Qodir, Z., & Jubba, H. (2021). Kampanye Antikorupsi Kaum Muda melalui Media Sosial Twitter. Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 19(1), 58–77 (doi: 10.31315/jik.v19i1.3827)
  10. Bernhardt, J. M., Mays, D., & Hall, A. K. (2012). Social marketing at the right place and right time with new media. Journal of Social Marketing, 2(2), 130–137 (doi: 10.1108/20426761211243964)
  11. BNPT. (2020). Teropong Potensi Radikalisme 2020. Jalan Damai (Majalah Pusat Media Damai BNPT), 58. https://jdih.bnpt.go.id/storage/document/Majalah Januari 2020 RGB.pdf
  12. Cannizzaro, S. (2016). Internet memes as internet signs: A semiotic view of digital culture. Sign Systems Studies, 44(4), 562–586 (doi: 10.12697/SSS.2016.44.4.05)
  13. Cao, D., Meadows, M., Wong, D., & Xia, S. (2021). Understanding consumers’ social media engagement behaviour: An examination of the moderation effect of social media context. Journal of Business Research, 122(September 2019), 835–846 (doi: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.025)
  14. Fanindy, M. N., & Mupida, S. (2021). Pergeseran Literasi pada Generasi Milenial Akibat Penyebaran Radikalisme di Media Sosial. Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama, 20(2), 195–222 (doi: 10.20885/millah.vol20.iss2.art1)
  15. Ferrara, E. (2017). Contagion dynamics of extremist propaganda in social networks. Information Sciences, 418–419(May), 1–12 (doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2017.07.030)
  16. Ghifari, I. F. (2017). Radikalisme di Internet. Religious: Jurnal Studi Agama-Agama Dan Lintas Budaya, 1(2), 123–137 (doi: 10.15575/rjsalb.v1i2.1391)
  17. Hammer, C. C., Boender, T. S., & Thomas, D. R. (2021). Social media for field epidemiologists (#SoMe4epi): How to use Twitter during the #COVID19 pandemic. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 110, S11–S16 (doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.035)
  18. Hansen, M. B. N. (2004). New Philosophy for New Media. Mit Press
  19. Ichwayudi, B. (2020). Dialog Lintas Agama Dan Upaya Menangkal Potensi Radikalisme Di Kalangan Pemuda. EMPIRISMA: JURNAL PEMIKIRAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM, 29(1), 41–52 (doi: 10.30762/empirisma.v29i1.2160)
  20. Jazuli, A. (2016). Strategi Pencegahan Radikalisme Dalam Rangka Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Terorisme. JURNAL ILMIAH KEBIJAKAN HUKUM, 10(2), 197–209
  21. Jenzen, O., Erhart, I., Eslen-Ziya, H., Korkut, U., & McGarry, A. (2021). The symbol of social media in contemporary protest: Twitter and the Gezi Park movement. Convergence, 27(2), 414–437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856520933747
  22. Jones, C. (2012). Networked Learning, Stepping Beyond the Net Generation and Digital Natives. In Exploring the Theory, Pedagogy and Practice of Networked Learning (pp. 27–41) (doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0496-5)
  23. Joo, T.-M., & Teng, C.-E. (2017). Impacts of Social Media (Facebook) on Human Communication and Relationships. International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology, 7(4), 27–50 (doi: 10.5865/IJKCT.2017.7.4.027)
  24. Kavada, A. (2015). Social Media as Conversation: A Manifesto. Social Media and Society, 1(1), 1–2 (doi: 10.1177/2056305115580793)
  25. Kossinets, G., Kleinberg, J., & Watts, D. (2008). The Structure of Information Pathways in a Social Communication Network. Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 435–443 (doi: 10.1145/1401890.1401945)
  26. Kusuma, R. S., & Azizah, N. (2018). Melawan Radikalisme melalui Website. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 3(5), 943–957 (doi: 10.24329/aspikom.v3i5.267)
  27. Lavis, A., & Winter, R. (2020). #Online harms or benefits? An ethnographic analysis of the positives and negatives of peer-support around self-harm on social media. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 61(8), 842–854 (doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13245)
  28. Li, M., Turki, N., Izaguirre, C. R., DeMahy, C., Thibodeaux, B. L., & Gage, T. (2021). Twitter as a tool for social movement: An analysis of feminist activism on social media communities. Journal of Community Psychology, 49(3), 854–868 (doi: 10.1002/jcop.22324)
  29. Lievrouw, L. A. (2004). What’s changed about new media? Introduction to the fifth anniversary issue of new media & society. New Media and Society, 6(1), 9–15 (doi: 10.1177/1461444804039898)
  30. Livingstone, S. (1999). New media, new audiences? New Media and Society, 1(1), 59–66 (doi: 10.1177/1461444899001001010)
  31. Loader, B. D., Vromen, A., & Xenos, M. A. (2016). Performing for the young networked citizen? Celebrity politics, social networking and the political engagement of young people. Media, Culture and Society, 38(3), 400–419 (doi: 10.1177/0163443715608261)
  32. Mahfud, C., Prasetyawati, N., Wahyuddin, W., Agustin, D. S. Y., & Sukmawati, H. (2018). Religious Radicalism, Global Terrorism and Islamic Challenges in Contemporary Indonesia. Jurnal Sosial Humaniora, 11(1), 8 (doi: 10.12962/j24433527.v11i1.3550)
  33. McElreath, D., Doss, D. A., McElreath, L., Lindsley, A., Lusk, G., Skinner, J., & Wellman, A. (2018). The communicating and marketing of radicalism: A case study of isis and cyber recruitment. International Journal of Cyber Warfare and Terrorism, 8(3), 26–45. (doi: 10.4018/IJCWT.2018070103)
  34. Mihailidis, P. (2020). The civic potential of memes and hashtags in the lives of young people. Discourse, 41(5), 762–781 (doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2020.1769938)
  35. Moreno-Almeida, C. (2020). Memes as snapshots of participation: The role of digital amateur activists in authoritarian regimes. New Media and Society (doi.org/10.1177/1461444820912722)
  36. Moskalenko, S., & McCauley, C. (2009). Measuring political mobilization: The distinction between activism and radicalism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 21(2), 239–260 (doi: 10.1080/09546550902765508)
  37. Muluk, H., Umam, A. N., & Milla, M. N. (2020). Insights from a deradicalization program in Indonesian prisons: The potential benefits of psychological intervention prior to ideological discussion. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 23(1), 42–53 (doi: 10.1111/ajsp.12392)
  38. Nofrima, S., Nurmandi, A., Kusuma Dewi, D., & Salahudin. (2020). Cyber-activism on the dissemination of #Gejayanmemanggil: Yogyakarta’s student movement. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi (Indonesian Journal of Communications Studies), 4(1), 103 (doi: 10.25139/jsk.v4i1.2091)
  39. Nufus, W. H. (2021). Polri_ Ada yang Berpendapat Teror Bom Makassar-Serangan Mabes Polri Rekayasa. Detik.Com. [Online]. Retrieved from https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5519817/polri-ada-yang-berpendapat-teror-bom-makassar-serangan-mabes-polri-rekayasa. [Accessed 11 April 2021]
  40. Nurdin. (2016). Radicalism on World Wide Web and Propaganda Strategy. Al-Ulum, 16(2), 265–288
  41. O’Hara, K., & Stevens, D. (2015). Echo Chambers and Online Radicalism: Assessing the Internet’s Complicity in Violent Extremism. Policy and Internet, 7(4), 401–422 (doi: 10.1002/poi3.88)
  42. Paryanto, Nurmandi, A., Qodir, Z., & Kurniawan, D. (2022). Eradicating Terrorist Networks on Social Media: Case Studies of Indonesia. The 2018 International Conference on Digital Science, 381 LNNS, 433–442. Springer, Cham (doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-93677-8_38)
  43. Qodir, Z. (2018). Kaum Muda, Intoleransi, dan Radikalisme Agama. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 5(1), 429 (doi: 10.22146/studipemudaugm.37127)
  44. Rainie, L., Smith, A., Schlozman, K. L., Brady, H., & Verba, S. (2012). Social Media and Political Engagement. Pew Internet & American Life Project, 1–13. https://www.pewinternet.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/9/media/Files/Reports/2012/PIP_SocialMediaAndPoliticalEngagement_PDF.pdf
  45. Rauschnabel, P. A., Sheldon, P., & Herzfeldt, E. (2019). What motivates users to hashtag on social media? Psychology and Marketing, 36(5), 473–488 (doi: 10.1002/mar.21191)
  46. Rengkung, F., & Lengkong, J. P. (2020). Pentingnya Revitalisasi Pemahaman Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Untuk Mencegah Mekarnya Radikalisme Pada Generasi Muda. Jurnal Politico, 9(4), 1–8
  47. Reuter, C., Pätsch, K., & Runft, E. (2017). IT for Peace? Fighting Against Terrorism in Social Media – An Explorative Twitter Study. I-Com, 16(2), 181–193 (doi: 10.1515/icom-2017-0013)
  48. Schmidt, L. (2018). Cyberwarriors and Counterstars: Contesting Religious Radicalism and Violence on Indonesian Social Media. Asiascape: Digital Asia, 5(1–2), 32–67 (doi: 10.1163/22142312-12340088)
  49. Schmidt, L. (2021). Aesthetics of authority: ‘Islam Nusantara’ and Islamic ‘radicalism’ in Indonesian film and social media. Religion, 51(2), 237–258 (doi: 10.1080/0048721X.2020.1868387)
  50. Sinpeng, A. (2021). Hashtag activism: social media and the #FreeYouth protests in Thailand. Critical Asian Studies, 53(2), 1–17 (doi: 10.1080/14672715.2021.1882866)
  51. Subhan, M. (2020). Jurnal Ilmu Sosial The “ Migration ” of Terrorist Actors in Indonesia : From Male - Dominated Terrorist to the Emergence of Female. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, 19(2), 207–225 (doi: 10.14710/jis.19.2.2020.207)
  52. Sukabdi, Z. A. (2015). Terrorism In Indonesia: A Review On Rehabilitation And Deradicalization. Journal of Terrorism Research, 6(2), 36–56 (doi: 10.15664/jtr.1154)
  53. Suwiknyo, E. (2021). Makin Rawan! Transaksi Gelap Kasus Terorisme Naik 70 Persen. Kabar24.Bisnis.Com. https://kabar24.bisnis.com/read/20210211/16/1355208/makin-rawan-transaksi-gelap-kasus-terorisme-naik-70-persen
  54. Van Dijck, J., & Alinejad, D. (2020). Social Media and Trust in Scientific Expertise: Debating the Covid-19 Pandemic in The Netherlands. Social Media + Society, 6(4), 1–11 (doi: 10.1177/2056305120981057)
  55. Voorveld, H. A. M., van Noort, G., Muntinga, D. G., & Bronner, F. (2018). Engagement with Social Media and Social Media Advertising: The Differentiating Role of Platform Type. Journal of Advertising, 47(1), 38–54 (doi: 10.1080/00913367.2017.1405754)
  56. Widayat, R. M., Nurmandi, A., Rosilawati, Y., Qodir, Z., Usman, S., & Baharuddin, T. (2022). 2019 Election Campaign Model in Indonesia Using Social Media. Webology, 19(1), 5216–5235 (doi: 10.14704/web/v19i1/web19351)
  57. Wijayanti, M. M., & Muthmainah, A. N. (2018). Youth’s Digital Skills and Their Vulnerability Towards Online Radicalism. International Conference on Contemporary Social and Political Affairs (IcoCSPA 2017), 138, 72–74 (doi: 10.2991/icocspa-17.2018.19)
  58. Wijayanti, Y. T. (2020). Radicalism Prevention through Propaganda Awareness on Social Media. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 5(1), 142 (doi: 10.24329/aspikom.v5i1.501)
  59. Wolfowicz, M., Perry, S., Hasisi, B., & Weisburd, D. (2021). Faces of radicalism: Differentiating between violent and non-violent radicals by their social media profiles. Computers in Human Behavior, 116(November 2020), 106646 (doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106646)
  60. Wood, M. A. (2019). Policing’s ‘meme strategy’: understanding the rise of police social media engagement work. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 32(1), 40–58 (doi: 10.1080/10345329.2019.1658695)
  61. Wyatt, S. (2021). Metaphors in critical Internet and digital media studies. New Media and Society, 23(2), 406–416 (doi: 10.1177/1461444820929324)
  62. Yang, G. (2016). Narrative Agency in Hashtag Activism: The Case of #BlackLivesMatter. Media and Communication, 4(4). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v4i4.692
  63. Ye, Y., Xu, P., & Zhang, M. (2017). Social media, public discourse and civic engagement in modern China. Telematics and Informatics, 34(3), 705–714 (doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2016.05.021)
  64. Zain, N. F. M. (2021). The Role of Social Media in Preventing Radicalism. Proceeding International Conference on Islam and …. http://103.142.62.229/index.php/iconie/article/view/213%0Ahttp://103.142.62.229/index.php/iconie/article/download/213/63
  65. Zhou, Z. (2019). Chinese Strategy for De-radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 31(6), 1187–1209 (doi: 10.1080/09546553.2017.1330199)

Last update:

  1. Political Campaign Ethics on Twitter Based on Local Ethnic in Indonesia

    Syukri Syukri, Dadang Hidayat, Atwar Bajari, Hafied Cangara. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 2023. doi: 10.36923/jicc.v23i3.130

Last update: 2024-04-26 02:14:05

No citation recorded.