DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jis.24.2.2025.241-262

CLEAN AND RESILIENT LONG-TERM RENEWABLE ENERGY STRATEGIES TO POWER INDONESIA’S NEW CAPITAL CITY: Capacity Expansion Modeling of Kalimantan Island

Fadolly Ardin  -  Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM), Indonesia
*Keisha Dinya Solihati orcid  -  Politeknik STIA LAN Jakarta, Indonesia
Augustin Rina Herawati  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Oktaviani Turbiningsih  -  Australian Maritime College, Australia

Citation Format:
Abstract

In response to solve the crucial urban problems and severe environmental threats, the government of Indonesia announced plans to relocate the country’s government capital city from Jakarta (Java island) to the Penajam Paser, East Kalimantan (Borneo island) starting from 2024. Moreover, decision-makers are exploring long-term pathways to power the new Capital City (Nusantara) and broader Kalimantan Island to support clean energy transition commitment objectives. This study will analyze the potential energy transition pathways with a planning horizon to 2040 for expanding power generation capacity across Kalimantan and Nusantara to support this relocation. It aims to investigate the achievable renewable energy penetration levels in the generation mix and pathways to reach zero emissions for the capital city energy system. This study utilizes data-driven decision-making by computationally modeling the existing Kalimantan power system using the Engage™ open-access energy system planning tool. It explores future capacity expansion options by optimizing generation capacity, transmission investments, and integrating energy storage systems. The results are presented by discussing implications for energy sector planning and long-term energy scenarios for Nusantara and the island of Borneo. The results indicate that achieving a 100% renewable energy share in Borneo’s energy mix is possible by 2040, with 94.2% of electricity supplied from large hydro reservoirs. However, the lowest Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) is not achieved under the 100% renewable energy scenario but rather under the 75% renewable energy share scenario, as the cost of some renewable options may exceed the cost of the cheapest fossil fuel power generation. The 100% renewable energy scenario in 2040 could increase the LCOE by 41% compared to the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario and it would require the highest investment costs. Moreover, the heavy reliance on large hydro reservoirs in the future energy systems of Nusantara and Borneo Island could lead to challenges related to land acquisition, social conflicts, and environmental degradation. This study also explores opportunities for clean energy development and investment in the new capital city plan, including potential infrastructure to support the energy transition, such as renewable energy sources, smart grids, and large-scale energy storage systems.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Renewable energy; new capital; Nusantara; energy transition; financing

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
NAVIGATING CULTURAL AUTONOMY: A Critical Analysis of Governance in East Java Provincial Regulation Number 6 of 2024 concerning the Advancement of Regional Culture NAVIGATING CRISIS WITH EMPATHY AND INNOVATION: WOMEN’S TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP IN IMPROVING THE WELFARE OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES ALGORITHMIC TYRANNY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TOTALITARIANISM IN DIGITAL SOCIETY: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE More recent articles
Most cited articles
ECONOMIC RESILIENCE PADA INDUSTRI KREATIF GUNAMENGHADAPI GLOBALISASI DALAM RANGKA KETAHANAN NASIONAL Peran Indonesia Dalam Memerangi Terorisme More cited articles
  1. Alimah, S., Ariyanto, S., Dewita, E., Salimy, D. H., Haifani, A. M., Nurmayady, D., Sulistyo, F. Y., & Al-Hakim, E. E. (2024). Techno-economics of desalination cogeneration with SMR: Case study for prospective NPP in West Kalimantan. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 9, 100603
  2. Amirta, R., Haqiqi, M. T., SAPARWADI, S., Septia, E., Mujiasih, D., Setiawan, K. A., Sekedang, M. A., YULIANSYAH, Y., Wijaya, A., & Setiyono, B. (2019). Searching for potential wood biomass for green energy feedstock: A study in tropical swamp-peat forest of Kutai Kertanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(6)
  3. Brouwer, A. S., Van Den Broek, M., Seebregts, A., & Faaij, A. (2014). Impacts of large-scale Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources on electricity systems, and how these can be modeled. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 33, 443–466
  4. Cebulla, F., Naegler, T., & Pohl, M. (2017). Electrical energy storage in highly renewable European energy systems: Capacity requirements, spatial distribution, and storage dispatch. Journal of Energy Storage, 14, 211–223
  5. de Vries, W. T., & Schrey, M. (2022). Geospatial approaches to model renewable energy requirements of the new capital city of Indonesia. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 4, 848309
  6. Del Pero, C., Leonforte, F., Lombardi, F., Stevanato, N., Barbieri, J., Aste, N., Huerto, H., & Colombo, E. (2019). Modelling of an Integrated multi-energy system for a nearly Zero Energy Smart District. 246–252
  7. Gadzanku, S. (2022). Enabling Floating Solar (FPV) Deployment: Policy and Operational
  8. Considerations. National Renewable Energy Lab.(NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
  9. Hastuti, I. S. (2024). Assessing Indonesia’s Enhanced Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) to The Paris Agreement: Identifying The Obstacles Indonesia has in Addressing Climate Change. 154–167
  10. Jin, B. (2023). Impact of renewable energy penetration in power systems on the optimization and operation of regional distributed energy systems. Energy, 273, 127201
  11. Kartika, H. S., & Muhyidin, A. (2024). Breaking Coal Lock-In: Unravelling the Policy Hurdles to Decarbonising Indonesia’s Energy Sector. Journal Homepage, 10(2)
  12. Kesumadiksa, K. (2023). The IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN INVESTMENT UNDER PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NUMBER 112 YEAR 2022. Journal of Interdisciplinary Legal Issues, 1(1), 119–139
  13. Laha, P., & Chakraborty, B. (2021). Cost optimal combinations of storage technologies for maximizing renewable integration in Indian power system by 2040: Multi-region approach. Renewable Energy, 179, 233–247
  14. Langer, J., Quist, J., & Blok, K. (2021). Review of Renewable Energy Potentials in Indonesia and Their Contribution to a 100% Renewable Electricity System. Energies, 14(21), 7033. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217033
  15. Lombardi, F., Pickering, B., Colombo, E., & Pfenninger, S. (2020). Policy decision support for renewables deployment through spatially explicit practically optimal alternatives. Joule, 4(10), 2185–2207
  16. Maulidia, M., Dargusch, P., Ashworth, P., & Ardiansyah, F. (2019). Rethinking renewable energy targets and electricity sector reform in Indonesia: A private sector perspective. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 101, 231–247
  17. Octaleny, E. (2022). Moving The Capital of Indonesia in A Decentralization Perspective. 177–181
  18. Pfenninger, S., & Pickering, B. (2018). Calliope: A multi-scale energy systems modelling framework. Journal of Open Source Software, 3(29), 825
  19. PLN, P. P. (2020). PLN Electricity Statistics, 2020. Statistics Indonesia
  20. PT PLN, P. (2019). PLN RUPT 2019-2028. 2019, 1
  21. Putra, H. D. (2022). Energy Transition in the Kalimantan Power System. Delft University of Technology
  22. Rachim, D. K. N., Firdaus, A., & Saputro, A. G. W. (2022). Analysis of the Impact of Population
  23. Growth in DKI Jakarta Using Logistic Model. Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika (Kudus), 5(1), 69–78
  24. Resosudarmo, B. P., Alisjahbana, A., & Nurdianto, D. A. (2012). Energy security in Indonesia. In Energy Security in the Era of Climate Change: The Asia-Pacific Experience (pp. 161–179). Springer
  25. Rino, M. (2023). Scenario Planning for Renewable Energy Development towards Net Zero Emission in Indonesia’s New Capital City “Nusantara.” European Journal of Business and Management Research, 8(6), 77–86
  26. Simaremare, A. A., Tambunan, H. B., Pramana, P. A. A., & Munir, B. S. (2018). Optimization of Renewable Energy Penetration for Microgrid System–Case Study of Tomia Island. 180– 183
  27. Susmiyati, H. R., Harjanti, W., & Al Hidayah, R. (2023). Development of the Nusantara Capital, Sustainable Extraction for East Kalimantan. In Assembling Nusantara: Mimicry, Friction, and Resonance in the New Capital Development (pp. 151–164). Springer
  28. Syaban, A. S. N., & Appiah-Opoku, S. (2023). Building Indonesia’s new capital city: An in-depth analysis of prospects and challenges from current capital city of Jakarta to Kalimantan. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, 11(1), 2276415
  29. Ueckerdt, F., Brecha, R., & Luderer, G. (2015). Analyzing major challenges of wind and solar variability in power systems. Renewable Energy, 81, 1–10
  30. Widodo, E., & Putri, W. M. P. (2020). Power generation and transmission system analysis by using cooperative game theory (case study: Electricity in Kalimantan). 2217(1)
  31. Winarno, O. T., Alwendra, Y., & Mujiyanto, S. (2016). Policies and strategies for renewable energy development in Indonesia. 270–272

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.