DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jai.v0i0.80615

Base Deficit and Increased Lactate Level as Predictors of Blood Transfusion in Trauma Patients With Acute Bleeding at the Emergency Department RSUP Prof. dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah

1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia

2Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia

Received: 16 Dec 2025; Revised: 4 Apr 2026; Accepted: 22 Apr 2026; Available online: 23 Apr 2026.
Open Access Copyright 2026 JAI (Jurnal Anestesiologi Indonesia)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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Abstract

Background: Bleeding caused by trauma is still a prominent factor in death and organ system complications. Base deficit (BD) and lactate levels are experiencing disturbances which result in hypoxic acidosis conditions at the tissue and cellular levels.

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between low base deficit levels, high lactate values, related to the need for blood transfusions in trauma patients with acute blood loss.

Method: This research is an observational analytic study with a prospective cohort study design. The target population of this study were all trauma patients with acute bleeding admitted to the emergency room Prof Dr. dr. IGNG Ngoerah.

Result: Age results showed a mean ± SD of 25.08 ± 6.38 years, the most gender was male, there were 36 subjects (72%), Hb levels had an average of ± 10.47 ± 2.85 g/dL, BMI results had mean ± SD 23.47 ± 3.54 kg/m2, the most common type of trauma was multiple trauma, the ISS score was found to have a mean ± SD 23.38 ± 9.09. The results for the value of the base level obtained a mean ± SD of 4.08 ± 5.08 mmol/L, with the transfusion group with an average of -6.41 ± 4.65 mmol/L. Low base level <-3 mmol/L had RR 3.69 (95% CI 1.83-7.45; P<0.001) and Adj RR 18.56 (95% CI 14.00-24.75; p=0.002 ). The average lactate result was found to have a mean ± SD 3.77 ± 2.29 and in the transfusion group 4.78 ± 2.38 mmol/L with high lactate levels (> 4 mmol/L) RR 5.53 (CI 95% 2, 25-13.64; P<0.001) and Adj RR 41.21 (95% CI 35.05-57.74; p<0.001).

Conclusion: Low base deficit and high lactate levels are associated with the need for blood transfusions in patients with acute bleeding.

 

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Keywords: base deficit level; bleeding; lactate; transfusion; trauma

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Language : EN
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