DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jgi.13.1.79-87

Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25 (OH)D Levels, hand grip strength, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function in the elderly

1Doctoral Program of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

2Clinical Nutrition Department, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

3Clinical Nutrition Department, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah,, Indonesia

4 Center for Biomedical Research (CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

5 Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

6 Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

7 Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta,, Indonesia

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Received: 29 Aug 2024; Revised: 29 Nov 2024; Accepted: 17 Dec 2024; Available online: 30 Dec 2024; Published: 30 Dec 2024.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background: The aging process in the elderly can be caused by a decrease in vitamin D precursors and reduced Vitamin D levels due to impaired absorption of Vitamin D. Vitamin D plays a role in cognitive function, acts as an immunomodulator affecting blood glucose levels, promotes muscle atrophy, and affects the intranuclear VDR concentration and gene expression of VDR.

Objectives: To determine the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D levels, hand grip strength, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function in the elderly.

Materials and Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental pre-posttest control group design with a total of 60 subjects included and divided into two groups. The treatment group received vitamin D3 at a dosage of 1000 IU/day for three months, while the control group was given a placebo. Blood serum levels were used to obtained serum 25(OH)D and blood sugar level. Hand grip strength values were measured by a hand grip dynamometer, and cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon test, and the bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test.

Results: Most subjects were between 60 and 92 years old and had a vitamin D deficiency. Significant (P<0,05) differences were observed in serum 25(OH)D levels, blood sugar levels, and cognitive function following the intervention. The differences in serum 25(OH)D levels were 8,50±6,17, blood sugar levels were -21,68±25,88, and cognitive function was 2,23±3,05. Additionally, hand grip strength increased after the intervention (mean=0,42±4,66) but was not statistically significant (P=0,633).

Conclusion: There is an improvement in cognitive function and a decrease in blood glucose levels, along with an increase in 25(OH)D levels after three months of vitamin D supplementation. However, hand grip strength did not significantly increase after supplementation.

Keywords: Vitamin D3 Supplementation; serum 25(OH)D; hand grip strength; blood sugar level; cognitive function; elderly.

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Keywords: Vitamin D3 Supplementation; serum 25(OH)D; hand grip strength; blood sugar level; cognitive function; elderly.

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