A study on the evaluation of Indonesian local microbial phytase supplementation and its impact on broiler chicken performance, metabolic energy utilization, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization

Abstract

The effect of local Indonesian microbial phytase, derived from L. plantarum A1-E extracted from the small intestine of Indonesian free-range chickens and C. tropicalis TKd-3 obtained from fermented Indonesian soybean tempe, on growth performance, metabolizable energy, ileal histomorphology, and meat and bone mineralization in broilers is the subject of evaluation in this study. A total of 140 day-old broiler chicks were divided into four treatments, five replicates, and seven chicks in each replicate. The research was carried out for 28 days. The experimental groups consisted of a basal diet without phytase (FA) serving as the negative control, a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of L. plantarum A1-E phytase (FB), a basal diet supplemented with 500 FTU/kg of C. tropicalis TKd-3 phytase (FC), and a basal diet with commercial phytase as the positive control (FD). The results revealed that the broiler performance index increased by the FB and FC treatments (P<0.05), and the FC treatment exhibited a tendency to enhance metabolizable energy (P=0.06). The result of ileum histomorphology showed that the FB treatment increased villous height, the ratio of villous height to crypt depth, and villous surface area (P<0.05). The highest mineral content of phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) in broiler breast meat was obtained in the FB treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, the highest mineral content of calcium (Ca), P, Mg, zinc (Zn), and Fe in thigh meat was found in the FC treatment (P<0.05). The mineralization of the tibia bone demonstrated that the FB treatment exerted a significant effect (P<0.05) on the P, Mg, and Fe mineral content. In conclusion, the performance index increased due to microbial phytase supplementation. Besides that, L. plantarum A1-E phytase improved the surface area of the villus, the absorption of ileum minerals, the mineral content of breast meat, and minerals deposition in the tibia.