DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.24.1.28-36

Analisis Kualitas dan Kuantitas Air Bersih di Pulau Kelapa, Kepulauan Seribu

1School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba Raya Kampus UI Salemba No.4, RW.5, Kenari, Senen, Central Jakarta City, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia

2Departemen Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Pulau kecil memiliki kerentanan air bersih karena ukuran, topografi, keterbatasan sumber air, pertumbuhan penduduk dan dampak krisis iklim. Pulau Kelapa merupakan bagian dari Kepulauan Seribu yang memiliki karakteristik pulau kecil saat ini mengalami peningkatan jumlah penduduk ditambah dengan penetapan sebagai Kawasan Strategis Pariwisata Nasional mengakibatkan kebutuhan air bersih semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan kondisi kualitas dan kuantitas pada rumah tangga untuk menjamin kualitas dan ketersediaan air di Pulau Kelapa.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif deskriptif. Uji laboratorium kualitas air dilakukan dengan sampel air yang berasal dari air perpipaan, air isi ulang, air sumur dan air air hujan dengan menggunakan standar baku mutu air bersih berdasarkan Permenkes 2 Tahun 2023. Sampel rumah tangga sebanyak 240 Kepala Keluarga diwawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur untuk mendapatkan gambaran pemenuhan air domestik.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan air sumur mendominasi kebutuhan air bersih untuk kebutuhan hygiene sanitasi. Sebanyak 51% responden menggunakan 120 liter/orang/hari air bersih untuk kebutuhan domestik; aksesibilitas responden ke sumber air (jarak< 500 meter dan waktu pengumpulan air < 30 menit) tercukupi oleh 81% dan 60% responden secara berurutan, sebanyak 76% sumber air yang digunakan oleh responden terasa payau; rata-rata biaya pemenuhan air bersih sebesar 10,76% dari total pendapatan rumah tangga. Secara kualitas, sumber air bersih yang berasal dari air perpipaan dan air isi ulang memenuhi syarat kesehatan secara fisik dan kimia namun tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan pada parameter total koliform. Sumber air bersih yang berasal dari air sumur memenuhi syarat kesehatan secara kimia namun tidak memenuhi syarat pada parameter TDS, total koliform, dan bakteri Eschericia coli. Sedangkan sumber air hujan tidak memenuhi syarat pada parameter total koliform dan bakteri Eschericia coli.

Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan masyarakat Pulau Kelapa mengeluarkan biaya yang tinggi untuk mendapatkan akses air bersih namun secara kualitasnya belum memenuhi persyaratan kesehatan khususnya pada parameter total koliform.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Clean Water Quality and Quantity Analysis in Kelapa Island, Seribu Islands

Background: Small islands are vulnerable to clean water due to its size, topography, limited water resources, population growth and the impact of the climate crisis. Kelapa Island is part of Seribu Islands which has the characteristics of a small island. Increasing number of population,combined with its designation as a National Tourism Strategic Area, clean water demand is increasing. This research aims to describe clean water quality and quantity in residents to ensure the quality and availability of air on Kelapa Island.

Method: This research used descriptive quantitative methods. Water quality laboratory tests were carried out with water samples originating from piped water, refill water, well water and rainwater using clean water quality standards based on Minister of Health Regulation 2/2023. A household sample of 240 heads of families was interviewed using a structured questionnaire to represent domestic water supply.

Result: The research results showed that the use of well water dominates  to fulfill the need for clean water for hygiene and sanitation. As many as 51% of respondents use 120 liters/person/day of clean water for domestic needs; Respondents' accessibility to water sources (distance < 500 meters and water collection time < 30 minutes) was sufficient for 81% and 60% of respondents respectively, 76% of the water sources used by respondents felt brackish; the average cost of providing clean water is 10.76% of total household income. In terms of quality, clean water sources originating from piped water and refill water meet physical and chemical health requirements but do not meet health requirements for total coliform parameters. Clean water sources that come from well water meet chemical health requirements but do not meet the requirements for TDS parameters, total coliforms and Escherichia coli bacteria. Meanwhile, rainwater sources do not meet the requirements for the total parameters of coliforms and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Conclusion: Based on the research results, it was found that the residents of Kelapa Island  had to pay high cost to get access to clean water, but the quality does not meet health requirements, especially in terms of microbiological parameters.

 

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Keywords: kualitas air; kuantitas air; Pulau Kelapa

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Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
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