DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.68159

The Risk of Sulfur Dioxide Exposure and Its Correlation with the Incidence of Hypertension in Street Sweepers In Samarinda City

1Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia

2Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor merupakan sumber pencemaran udara yang paling signifikan, terutama di wilayah perkotaan. SO2 merupakan salah satu polutan yang dihasilkan oleh emisi gas buang kendaraan bermotor. Kota Samarinda terkenal dengan pesatnya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan pribadi, terutama kendaraan berbahan bakar fosil, yang berpotensi meningkatkan konsentrasi SO2 dan dapat berdampak pada kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui risiko paparan konsentrasi SO2 pada penyapu jalan dan hubungan antara kejadian hipertensi dengan asupan SO2.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penilaian risiko kesehatan lingkungan. Pendekatan EHRA akan memperkirakan risiko yang diterima oleh penyapu jalan akibat paparan SO2 di jalan raya Kota Samarinda. Populasi dalam penelitian ini mencakup seluruh pekerja penyapu jalan yang bertugas pada empat lokasi jalan raya yang telah ditentukan. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 61 orang dan diperoleh melalui teknik total sampling. Teknik pengukuran konsentrasi SO2 menggunakan impinger dengan analisis spektrofotometer. Tekanan darah diukur secara real-time. Uji chi-square digunakan untuk menunjukkan perbedaan proporsi antara variabel asupan dan hipertensi.

Hasil: Konsentrasi SO2 masih di bawah batas baku mutu lingkungan yang dipersyaratkan (< 150 mg/Nm3) yakni 18,18 mg/Nm3. Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan proporsi kejadian hipertensi dengan asupan SO2 (nilai p = 1.000). Akan tetapi, pekerja dengan asupan SO2 >0,0012 mg/kg/hari memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk mengalami hipertensi dibandingkan penyapu jalan dengan asupan >0,0012 mg/kg/hari (OR = 1,111).

Simpulan: Kualitas udara di jalan raya Kota Samarinda masih tergolong aman dan sehat, terutama pada parameter sulfur dioksida. Petugas penyapu jalan tidak berisiko mengalami gangguan kesehatan khususnya kejadian hipertensi.

 

ABSTRACT

Background: Vehicle exhaust emissions are the most significant source of air pollution, especially in urban areas. SO2 is one of the pollutants produced by car exhaust emissions. The number of private vehicles, especially fossil fuel vehicles, is increasing rapidly in Samarinda City. These vehicles have the potential to increase SO2 concentrations and can have an adverse on health. This study aims to determine the risk of exposure to SO2 concentrations among street sweepers and the relationship between the incidence of hypertension and SO2 intake.

Methods: This study used an environmental health risk assessment approach. The EHRA approach estimated the risk faced by street sweepers due to exposure to SO2 in Samarinda City highways.  This study’s population consisted of all street sweepers working at four specified roadways.  The sample, comprising 61 participants, was selected using a to tal sampling technique. The SO2 concentration measurement technique involved an impinger with spectrophotometer analysis. Blood pressure was measured in real-time. The chi-square test was used to show differences in proportions between intake and hypertension variables.

Results: The SO2 concentration, measured at 18.18 mg/Nm3, was found to be below the required environmental quality standard limit (< 150 mg/Nm3). The results of the chi-square test showed no difference in the proportion of hypertension incidents with SO2 intake (p-value = 1,000). However, workers with SO2 intake of >0.0012 mg/kg/day showed a higher likelihood of developing hypertension than street sweepers with an intake of >0.0012 mg/kg/day (OR = 1.111).

Conclusion: The air quality in the highways of Samarinda City is deemed safe, especially in terms of the sulfur dioxide parameter. Street sweepers are not at risk of experiencing health problems.

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Keywords: SO2; EHRA; Transportation; Street Sweepers; Hypertension

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Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
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