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Policy Evaluation Of The Community-Based Water And Sanitation Program (Pamsimas) In Tana Tidung, North Kalimantan: A Qualitative Study

1Master’s Program in Public Administration, Universitas Terbuka, Jln. Cabe Raya, Pondok Cabe, Tangerang , Indonesia

2 Selatan, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Judul: Evaluasi Kebijakan Program Air dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (Pamsimas) di Tana Tidung, Kalimantan Utara: Sebuah Studi Kualitatif  

Latar belakang:  Akses terhadap air bersih dan sanitasi terus menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang krusial di pedesaan Indonesia, terutama di daerah-daerah miskin seperti Kabupaten Tana Tidung. Studi ini menilai pelaksanaan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat (PAMSIMAS) di Kecamatan Muruk Rian, Kalimantan Utara, dan meneliti dampaknya terhadap kesehatan masyarakat.

Metode:  Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metodologi deskriptif-analitis kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemangku kepentingan, observasi langsung, dan analisis dokumen. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menyeluruh dengan 15 narasumber penting, yang terdiri dari enam kepala desa di Kecamatan Muruk Rian, dua pejabat dari Dinas Kesehatan yang bertanggung jawab atas sanitasi, tiga kader kesehatan masyarakat, tiga fasilitator/KKM PAMSIMAS desa, dan satu pejabat dari Bappeda Kabupaten Tana Tidung. Dengan demikian, informasi yang dikumpulkan mencakup pandangan umum tentang kebijakan, teknis lapangan, dan keterlibatan masyarakat. Penilaian menggunakan enam kriteria William N. Dunn: efektivitas, efisiensi, kecukupan, kesetaraan, responsivitas, dan kesesuaian. 

Hasil:  Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PAMSIMAS telah secara signifikan meningkatkan akses ke air minum, meningkatkan kesadaran kebersihan masyarakat, dan membantu mengurangi penyakit yang ditularkan melalui air. Namun demikian, kesulitan yang terus-menerus mencakup kemampuan teknis yang tidak memadai untuk pemeliharaan infrastruktur, kolaborasi pemangku kepentingan yang tidak cukup, dan keterlibatan komunitas yang tidak konsisten. Perbedaan dalam akses layanan air antar desa tetap ada, menyoroti perlunya langkah-langkah implementasi yang berfokus pada keadilan. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun PAMSIMAS telah berpengaruh positif terhadap kesehatan masyarakat di Muruk Rian, keberlanjutan jangka panjang terhambat oleh keterbatasan institusional dan sosial. Meningkatkan tata kelola lokal, memperluas inisiatif pendidikan kesehatan, dan memperkuat jaringan dukungan infrastruktur sangat penting untuk mempertahankan hasil program

Simpulan: Temuan-temuan ini memberikan informasi kepada pembuat kebijakan dan memberikan wawasan yang dapat diterapkan untuk program-program berbasis komunitas lainnya di daerah-daerah terpencil di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Program PAMSIMAS di Kecamatan Muruk Rian berhasil meningkatkan akses air minum layak, meningkatkan kesadaran tentang perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, dan menurunkan penyakit berbasis air. Namun, program ini menghadapi kendala seperti keterbatasan kemampuan teknis untuk memelihara infrastruktur, kurangnya kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, dan rendahnya partisipasi masyarakat yang konsisten. Hasil ini memberikan pelajaran berharga bagi pembuat kebijakan.

 

ABSTRACT  

Background:  Access to potable water and sanitation continues to be a critical public health issue in rural Indonesia, particularly in impoverished areas such as Tana Tidung Regency. This study assesses the execution of the Community-Based Drinking Water and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) in the Muruk Rian Subdistrict of North Kalimantan and examines its effects on public health.  

Method:  Data were collected utilizing a qualitative descriptive-analytical methodology through comprehensive interviews with important stakeholders, direct observations, and document analyses.  Research data was collected through in-depth interviews with 15 key informants, consisting of six village heads in Muruk Rian District, two officials from the Health Department responsible for sanitation, three community health cadres, three PAMSIMAS village facilitators/KKM, and one official from the Tana Tidung District Development Planning Agency (Bappeda). Thus, the information collected includes general views on policy, field techniques, and community engagement. The assessment utilized William N. Dunn’s six criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness.

Result:  Research demonstrates that PAMSIMAS has markedly increased access to potable water, elevated community hygiene consciousness, and aided in the diminishment of waterborne illnesses. Nevertheless, persistent difficulties encompass inadequate technical capability for infrastructure upkeep, insufficient stakeholder collaboration, and inconsistent community engagement. Disparities in access to water services among villages persist, highlighting the necessity of equity-focused implementation measures. The study suggests that although PAMSIMAS has positively influenced public health in Muruk Rian, long-term sustainability is obstructed by institutional and societal limitations. Enhancing local governance, broadening health education initiatives, and bolstering infrastructural support networks are crucial for maintaining program outcomes.

Conclusion:  These findings inform policymakers and provide transferable insights for other community-based programs in distant regions of Indonesia. This research indicates that the PAMSIMAS program in Muruk Rian District successfully increased access to safe drinking water, raised awareness about clean and healthy living behaviors, and reduced waterborne diseases. However, the program faced constraints such as limited technical capacity to maintain infrastructure, lack of collaboration among stakeholders, and low consistent community participation. This result provides valuable lessons for policymakers.

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Keywords: PAMSIMAS; Public Health; Water Sanitation; Rural Indonesia; William N. Dunn
Funding: the Higher Education Endowment Fund (DAPT) through the Equity program at Universitas Terbuka Indonesia

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