DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.74883

Potensi Kulit Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) sebagai Alternatif Bioinsektisida untuk Mengurangi Populasi Lalat di Tempat-Tempat Umum

Department of Environmental Health, Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Surabaya, Jl. Pucang Jajar Tengah No.56, Kertajaya, Gubeng District, Surabaya, East Java 60282, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Lalat rumah (Musca domestica) merupakan salah satu vektor utama penyebaran penyakit di tempat umum, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian. Upaya penggunaan insektisida kimia yang digunakan untuk pengendalian lalat dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, kesehatan manusia, serta resistensi pada serangga, untuk itu diperlukan alternatif pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan yaitu menggunakan kulit lidah buaya, kulit ini dipilih karena mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti tanin, saponin, fenol, dan flavonoid yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas insektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan potensi kulit lidah buaya (Aloe vera) sebagai bioinsektisida.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen laboratorium dengan desain post-test only control group design. Filtrat kulit lidah buaya dibuat dalam tiga variasi konsentrasi, yaitu 55% w/v, 60% w/v, 65% w/v, dan satu kelompok kontrol tanpa perlakuan, pengamatan dilakukan selama 24 jam setelah perlakuan. Data mortalitas lalat setelah 24 jam perlakuan dianalisis menggunakan uji one way ANOVA untuk mengetahui perbedaan mortalitas antar konsentrasi, dilanjutkan dengan analisis Probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filtrat kulit lidah buaya mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, steroid, triterpenoid dan fenolik yang berpotensi sebagai bioinsektisida. Mortalitas lalat meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi filtrat, dengan persentase mortalitas tertinggi sebesar 25,83% pada konsentrasi 65% w/v. Hasil analisis probit menunjukkan nilai LC50 sebesar 73,772% w/v. 

Simpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan filtrat kulit lidah buaya berpotensi sebagai bioinsektisida.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Potential of Aloe Vera Skin as an Alternative Bioinsecticide to Reduce Fly Populations in Public Places

Background: Houseflies (Musca domestica) are one of the primary vectors of disease transmission in public areas, thus requiring proper control measures. The use of chemical insecticides for fly control can have negative impacts on the environment, human health, and may lead to insect resistance. Therefore, an alternative, eco-friendly control method is needed, such as utilizing Aloe vera skin. These peels are chosen because they contain bioactive compounds such as tannins, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids, which are known to possess insecticidal activity. This study aims to examine the potential of Aloe vera skin as a bioinsecticide.

Method: This research employed a laboratory experimental method with a post-test only control group design. Aloe vera skin filtrates were prepared in three concentration variations: 55% w/v, 60% w/v, and 65% w/v, along with a control group without treatment. Observations were conducted 24 hours after treatment. Data on fly mortality after 24 hours of exposure were analyzed using one-way ANOVA to determine the differences in mortality rates between concentrations, followed by probit analysis to determine the LC50 value.

Result: The results of the study showed that the Aloe vera skin filtrate contained alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, and phenolics, all of which have potential as bioinsecticides. Fly mortality increased with higher filtrate concentrations, with the highest mortality percentage recorded at 25.83% at a concentration of 65% w/v. Probit analysis indicated an LC50 value of 73,772% w/v.

Conclusion: This study concludes that Aloe vera peel filtrate has potential as a bioinsecticide.

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Keywords: Kulit lidah buaya; bioinsektisida; lalat rumah (Musca domestica)

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Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
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