DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.77473

Paparan Pestisida Sebagai Faktor Risiko Gangguan Kesehatan pada Petani Hortikultura di Desa Waimital Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat

1Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat, STIKes Maluku Husada, Indonesia

2Program Studi Keperawatan, STIKes Maluku Husada, Indonesia

3Program Studi Farmasi, STIKes Maluku Husada, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2025 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Latar belakang: Keracunan pestisida masi menjadi masalah kesehatan pada petani, paparan pestisida menimbulkan risiko gangguan kesehatan seperti gangguan sistem syaraf perifer dan sistem syaraf pusat bahkan berakibat kematian, tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis faktor risiko paparan pestisida dengan gangguan kesehatan pada petani hortikultura.

Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan observasional analitik dengan desain Cross-sectional study, pelaksanaan penelitian pada bulan Juli 2025. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 416 orang yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi kemudian penentuan sampel dengan rumus Lemeshow. Sampel penelitian yaitu 200 petani hortikultura yang aktif menggunakan pestisida. Variabel yang diukur yaitu 17 faktor risiko paparan pestisida yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kesehatan petani. Kuesioner dan lembar observasi digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian dengan analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square dan uji regresi logistik untuk melihat dominan kekuatan hubungan.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menemukan dari 17 faktor risiko terdapat 11 faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kesehatan yaitu masa kerja p-0,024, pengetahuan p-0,007, sikap p-0,040, APD p-0,031, lama penyemprotan p-0,050, frekuensi p-0,002, cara campur pestisida p-0,034, arah penyemprotan p-0,047, Dosis pestisida p-0,020, merokok sambil kerja p-0,016, personal higyene p-0,039 sementara hasil uji regresi ditemukan 7 faktor yang dominan memiliki kekuatan hubungan yaitu masa kerja p-0,042, frekuensi p-0,027, cara campur p-0,016, isap rokok p-0,026, personal higyene p-0,004, pengetahuan p-0,019, sikap p-0,030.

Simpulan: Faktor risiko paparan pestisida yang dominan berhubungan dengan gangguan kesehatan pada petani hortikultura adalah masa kerja, frekuensi penyemprotan, cara mencampur pestisida, kebiasaan merokok saat bekerja, personal hygiene, pengetahuan, dan sikap

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Pesticide Exposure as a Risk Factor for Health Problems in Horticultural Farmers in Waimital Village, West Seram Regency

Background: Pesticide poisoning remains a health problem for farmers. Pesticide exposure poses a risk of health problems, including peripheral and central nervous system disorders, and even death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for pesticide exposure and health problems in horticultural farmers.

Methods: This study used an observational analytical approach with a cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted in July 2025. The study population consisted of 416 people, selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and then using the Lemeshow formula for sampling. The sample consisted of 200 horticultural farmers who actively use pesticides. The variables measured were 17 risk factors for pesticide exposure associated with farmer health problems. Questionnaires and observation sheets were used as research instruments, with data analysis using the chi-square test and logistic regression to determine the strength of the dominant relationship.

Results: The results of the study found that out of 17 risk factors, there were 11 factors related to health problems, namely work period p-0.024, knowledge p-0.007, attitude p-0.040, PPE p-0.031, spraying duration p-0.050, frequency p-0.002, pesticide mixing method p-0.034, spraying direction p-0.047, pesticide dose p-0.020, smoking while working p-0.016, personal hygiene p-0.039 while the results of the regression test found 7 dominant factors that had a strong relationship, namely work period p-0.042, frequency p-0.027, mixing method p-0.016, smoking p-0.026, personal hygiene p-0.004, knowledge p-0.019, attitude p-0.030.

Conclusion: The dominant risk factors for pesticide exposure related to health problems in horticultural farmers are length of service, frequency of spraying, method of mixing pesticides, smoking habits while working, personal hygiene, knowledge, and attitude.

Note: This article has supplementary file(s).

Fulltext View|Download |  Turnitin
Turnitin
Subject
Type Turnitin
  Download (2MB)    Indexing metadata
 ES
Ethical Statement
Subject
Type ES
  Download (536KB)    Indexing metadata
 CTA
Copyright Transfer Agreement
Subject
Type CTA
  Download (357KB)    Indexing metadata
Keywords: Risiko; Pestisida; Petani; Gangguan Kesehatan

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Hubungan Penerapan Personal hygiene dan Kondisi Lingkungan dengan Potensi Penularan Skabies Analisis Cemaran Mikroba E. Coli dan Total Koliform Pada Depot Air Minum Isi Ulang: Studi Kasus di Pulo Gadung, Jakarta Timur Air Quality Improvement Strategy in One of Jakarta’s Transit-Oriented Development Areas Polusi Udara dan Dermatitis Atopik: Suatu Tinjauan Literatur More recent articles
Most cited articles
Identifikasi Kualitas Air dan Beban Pencemaran Sungai Bedadung di Intake Instalasi Pengolahan Air PDAM Kabupaten Jember Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu terhadap Penyakit Kecacingan Pada Balita Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah, Sosial Ekonomi, dan Perilaku Masyarakat Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Pekalongan Selatan Kota Pekalongan Hubungan Kadar Debu Terhirup (Respirable) Dengan Kapasitas Vital Paksa Paru Pada Pekerja Mebel Kayu di Kota Jayapura Analisi Faktor Risiko Malaria Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sarmi Kota, Kabupaten Sarmi, Tahun 2012 More cited articles
  1. Prihatiningrum, C., Nafi’udin, A. F., & Habibullah, M. Identifikasi teknik pengendalian hama penyakit tanaman cabai di Desa Kebonlegi Kecamatan Kaliangkrik Kabupaten Magelang. Jurnal Pertanian Cemara, 2021, 18(1), 19-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24929/fp.v18i1.1130
  2. Andersson E, Isgren E. Gambling in the garden: Pesticide use and risk exposure in Ugandan smallholder farming. J Rural Stud. 2021;82(January):76-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.013
  3. Eti Kurniawati, Suroso Suroso, Subakir Subakir, Elfa Meirela Putri. Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Petani terhadap Risiko Terjadinya Keracunan Pestisida Pada Petani Sayuran di Kelurahan Bakung Jaya Kota Jambi. Jurnal Kreativitas Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM). 2024 Apr 1;7(4):1787–1795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v7i4.13974
  4. Rani, L., An extensive review on the consequences of chemical pesticides on human health and environment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021. 283, 124657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124657
  5. Maksuk,M. Penggunaan Pestisida, Pelindung Diri dan Keluhan Subjektif Pada Petani Padidi Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. Jurnal Sanitasi Lingkungan,2022. 2(1),21– 29. https://doi.org/10.36086/jsl.v2i1.1232
  6. WHO. Control Technology for the Formulation and Packing of Pesticides.2020
  7. Boedeker et.,al. The global distribution of acute unitentional pesticide poisoning; estimations based on a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2020.20;1875. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09939-0
  8. Tuhumury, G.N.C, Leatemia. J. A, Rumthe. R.Y dan Hasinu. J. V. “Residu Pestisida Produk Sayuran Segar di Kota Ambon”. Agrologia. 2012.1 (2): 99-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598/a.v1i2.284
  9. Yushananta, P. Faktor Risiko Keracunan Pestisida pada Petani Hortikultura di Kabupaten Lampung Barat. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Ruwa Jurai. 2020. 14 (1). 1-8. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26630/rj.v14i1.2138
  10. Dealita Khairani Daulay. Hubungan Paparan Pestisida dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Pekerja Penyemprot Pestisida di Langkat Nusantara Kepong 2023. Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 2023 May 30;2(2):230–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v2i2.2759
  11. Muawanah Muawanah, Nur Qadri Rasyid, Hasma Hasma. Determination of Chlorpyrifos and Carbofuran Pesticide Residues in Vegetables in Makassar Traditional Market. Media Kesehatan Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar. 2024 Dec 12;19(2):152–159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32382/medkes.v19i2.311
  12. Klaassen, C. D. (Ed.). (2019). Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
  13. Damalas, C. A., & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2011). Pesticide exposure, safety issues, and risk assessment indicators. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(5), 1402–1419. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8051402
  14. OO Desalu, OA Busari, AO Adeoti. Respiratory symptoms among crop farmers exposed to agricultural pesticide in three rural communities in South Western Nigeria: A preliminary study. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research. 2014 Jan 1;4(4):662–2. doi: https://doi.org/10.4103/2141-9248.139370
  15. Tudi M, Li H, Li H, Wang L, Lyu J, Yang L, et al. Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application. Toxics. 2022 Jun 19;10(6):335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060335
  16. Shekhar C, Khosya R, Thakur K, Mahajan D, Kumar R, Kumar S, et al. A Systematic Review of Pesticide Exposure, Associated Risks, and Long-Term Human Health Impacts. Toxicology Reports. 2024 Nov 1;13:101840–0. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101840
  17. Muhammad Hadi Sulhan MHS, Dede Suharta DS, Dadang Muhammad Hasyim DMH. Kadar Cholinesterase pada Darah Petani Cabai di Dusun Kurjati Desa Tanjungkarang Kecamatan Cigalontang Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Prima Insan Cendikia. 2022 May 9;1(01):11–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33482/jpic.v1i01.11
  18. Ahmad MF, Ahmad FA, Alsayegh AA, Zeyaullah M, AlShahrani AM, Muzammil K, et al. Pesticides impacts on human health and the environment with their mechanisms of action and possible countermeasures. Heliyon [Internet]. 2024 Apr 1;10(7). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29128
  19. Felisbino K, Milhorini S da S, Kirsten N, Sato MY, Silva DP da, Kulik JD, et al. A Systematic Review of Parental Occupational Pesticide Exposure and Geographical Proximity to Agricultural Fields in Association with Neural Tube Defects. Toxics [Internet]. 2025 Apr;13(1):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010034
  20. Olamide Stephanie Oshingbade, Haruna Musa Moda, Shade John Akinsete, Mumuni Adejumo, Hassan N. Determinants of Safe Pesticide Handling and Application Among Rural Farmers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025 Feb 2;22(2):211–1. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22020211
  21. Ibrahim I, Sahrir Sillehu, Santoso H. Risk Factors for Pesticide Poisoning in Horticultural Farmers in the Agricultural Area of West Seram Regency, Indonesia. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2023 Oct 1;14(10):687–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.141020233232
  22. López Dávila E, Houbraken M, De Rop J, Wumbei A, Du Laing G, Romero Romero O, et al. Pesticides residues in tobacco smoke: risk assessment study. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2020 Sep;192(9). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08578-7
  23. Faria NMX, Meucci RD, Fiori NS, Carret MLV, Mello-da-Silva CA, Fassa AG. Acute Pesticide Poisoning in Tobacco Farming, According to Different Criteria. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023 Jan 1 ;20(4):2818. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042818
  24. Ibrahim I, Sillehu S. History of Exposure to Pesticides With Symptoms of Poisoning in Children in Agricultural Areas; Case-Control Study In West Seram Regency. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2023 Jul 1;14(07):457–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55489/njcm.140720233083
  25. Sulistyo H, et al. The impact of personal hygiene practices on pesticide residue levels in farmers' urine. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2019;370:45-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2019.114707
  26. Boedeker W, van der Werf H, et al. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of pesticide use among smallholder farmers. J Agric Sci. 2018;10(5):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09939-0
  27. Galli A, Winkler MS, Doanthu T, Fuhrimann S, Huynh T, Rahn E, et al. Assessment of pesticide safety knowledge and practices in Vietnam: A cross-sectional study of smallholder farmers in the Mekong Delta. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2022 Aug 3;19(9):509–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2022.2100403
  28. Yuantari MGC, Van Gestel CAM, Van Straalen NM, Widianarko B, Sunoko HR, Shobib MN. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of Indonesian farmers regarding the use of personal protective equipment against pesticide exposure. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2015 Feb 26;187(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4371-3
  29. Mandic-Rajcevic S, Rubino FM, Ariano E, Cottica D, Negri S, Colosio C. Exposure duration and absorbed dose assessment in pesticide-exposed agricultural workers: Implications for risk assessment and modeling. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 2019 Apr 1;222(3):494–502. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.006
  30. Damalas C, Koutroubas S. Farmers’ Training on Pesticide Use Is Associated with Elevated Safety Behavior. Toxics. 2017 Aug 22;5(3):19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5030019
  31. Samitha Udayanga, B. K. A. Bellanthudawa, De S. Sustainable agriculture and responsible use of pesticides: commercial crop cultivators’ knowledge, attitudes, and practice perspectives regarding pesticide use. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2024 Dec 23;8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1490110
  32. Afshari M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Khoshravesh S, Besharati F. Effectiveness of interventions to promote pesticide safety and reduce pesticide exposure in agricultural health studies: A systematic review. PloS One [Internet]. 2021;16(1):e0245766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245766
  33. Wasantha Athukorala, Muditha Karunarathna and Saman Yapa Bandara. Estimating Health Impacts of Pesticides Use: NewEvidence from Vegetable Farmers in Sri Lanka. Journal of Scientific & Teknological Reserceh. 2022;41(2):32474-32481

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-10-14 11:12:58

No citation recorded.