DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.78132

Pengetahuan dan Kesadaran Masyarakat di Beberapa Lokasi Terpilih Kota Semarang tentang Literasi Sampah Laut dan Mikroplastik

1Program Studi Sarjana Kesehatan Lingkungan, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Indonesia

2Program Studi Sarjana Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kesehatan, Universitas Dian Nuswantoro Semarang, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Indonesia menjadi negara penghasil sampah plastik terbesar kedua di dunia. Kepedulian masyarakat terhadap bahaya mikroplastik masih sangat rendah. Tujuan pada penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi literasi mikroplastik di masyarakat Kota Semarang.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan pendekatan survey observasional dengan menggunakan kuesionar The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) dengan memfokuskan pada literasi mikroplastik awareness. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cara purposive sampling dengan sampel masyarakat umum dengan kriteria usia >17 tahun dan berdomisili di Kota Semarang. Sampel pada penelitian adalah 493 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan cara wawancara langsung dengan responden. Variabel digunakan terkait pengetahuan plastik (sampah, polusi dan dampak), Pengetahuan dan dampak mikroplastik terhadap kesehatan, perilaku pencarian informasi, sumber informasi (cetak, internet dan keluarga) dan mikroplastik awareness. Uji hubungan menggunakan uji Chi Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan p-value <0,05 dinyatakan adanya hubungan yang signifikan.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel sumber informasi media internet dengan pengetahuan polusi plastik (p-value 0,001), mikroplatik awareness (p-value 0,002). Perilaku pencarian informasi dengan pengetahuan polusi plastik (p-value 0,001), pengetahuan mikroplastik di air, makanan dan sayuran (p-value 0,041), pengetahuan dampak mikroplastik terhadap kesehatan (p-value 0,003), mikroplastik awareness (p-value 0,004). Mikroplastik awareness dengan pengetahuan sampah laut (p-value 0,000), pengetahuan polusi plastik (p-value 0,000), pengetahuan dampak plastik (0,000), pengetahuan mikroplastik di air, makanan dan sayuran (p-value 0,018).

Simpulan: Sumber informasi dari media internet dan perilaku aktif mencari informasi terbukti berhubungan dengan meningkatnya pengetahuan tentang polusi plastik, mikroplastik serta dampaknya terhadap kesehatan. Peningkatan edukasi dan penyebaran informasi yang mudah diakses khusunya media internet perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan literasi mikroplastik di masyarakat.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Community Knowledge and Awareness in Selected Areas of Semarang City Regarding Marine Litter and Microplastic Literacy

Background:.Indonesia is the second largest producer of plastic waste in the world.. Public awareness of the dangers of microplastics remains very low. This study aims to identify the factors influencing microplastic literacy among the residents of Semarang City.  

Method: This study employed a cross sectional design with an observational survey approach using a questionnaire adapted from The Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA), focusing on microplastic awareness literacy. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, involving members of the general population who met the criteria of being over 17 years old and residing in Semarang City. A total of 493 respondent participated in the study. Data were collected through questionnaires administered via face to face interviews. The variables included knowledge of plastics (waste, pollution and impacts), knowledge of microplastics and their health effects, information seeking behaviour, sources of information (print media, interent and family) and microplasctic awareness. The relationships between variables were analysed using the Chi-square test, with a significance level of p-value<0,05 indicating a statistically significant association.

Result: The results showed significant associations between internet media as a source of information and knowledge of plastic pollution (p-value 0,001) as well as microplastic awareness (p-value 0,002). Information seeking behavior was significantly associated with knowledge of plastic pollution (p-value 0,001), knowledge of microplastics in water, food and vegetables (p-value 0,041), knowledge of the health impacts of microplastics (p-value 0,003) and microplastic awareness (p-value 0,004). Microplastic awareness was also significantly associated with knowledge of marine debris (p-value 0,000), knowledge of plastic pollution (p-value 0,000), knowledgee of plastic impacts (p-value 0,000), and knowledge of microplastics in water, food and vegetables (p-value 0,018)

Conclusion: Internet based information sources and active information seeking behavior were found to be associated with increased knowledge of plastic pollution, microplastics and their health impacts. Therefore, enhancing educational efforts and disseminating easily accessible information particularly through internet media is essential to improve microplastic literacy in the community. 

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Keywords: literasi mikroplastik awareness; mikroplastik; sumber informasi

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Language : ID
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