DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jkli.80018

Analisis Kualitas Fisik dan Kimia Air Sumur Gali di Permukiman Sekitar TPA Antang Kota Makassar

1Program Studi Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja, Universitas Sulawesi Barat, Indonesia

2Program Studi Sanitasi Lingkungan, Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, Indonesia

3Program Studi Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Sekolah Pascasarjana, Universitas Hasanuddin, Indonesia

Open Access Copyright 2026 Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Air sumur gali masih menjadi sumber utama air bersih bagi masyarakat di sekitar TPA Antang, Makassar. Aktivitas TPA dan permukiman berpotensi mencemari air tanah secara fisik dan kimia. Kadar nitrat, nitrit, dan amoniak yang melebihi baku mutu dapat menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan, seperti methemoglobinemia dan gangguan pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kualitas fisik dan kimia air sumur gali di sekitar TPA Antang.

Metode: Penelitian observasional deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional dilakukan pada November 2024–Mei 2025 terhadap 12 sumur gali menggunakan teknik total sampling. Parameter yang diperiksa meliputi warna, bau, kekeruhan, nitrat, nitrit, dan amoniak di Laboratorium Kimia Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar. Hasil dibandingkan dengan Permenkes RI No. 2 Tahun 2023 dan dianalisis secara univariat.

Hasil: Sebanyak 8 sampel (66,7%) tidak memenuhi standar kualitas air. Sebagian besar sampel memenuhi baku mutu untuk kekeruhan, warna, bau, nitrit, dan amoniak (masing-masing 91,7–100%). Namun, 7 sampel (58,3%) memiliki kadar nitrat melebihi baku mutu.

Simpulan: Secara fisik, kualitas air sumur di sekitar TPA Antang umumnya masih baik, tetapi sebagian besar sampel belum memenuhi standar kualitas air karena tingginya kadar nitrat. Pemantauan kualitas air dan perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan perlu dilakukan secara berkala untuk mencegah penurunan kualitas air tanah.

 

ABSTRACT

Title: Analysis of the Physical and Chemical Quality of Dug Well Water in Residential Areas Around the Antang Landfill, Makassar City

Background: Dug well water remains the primary source of clean water for communities living around the Antang Final Disposal Site (TPA Antang) in Makassar. Activities from the landfill and surrounding settlements have the potential to physically and chemically contaminate groundwater. Nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia levels exceeding the permissible standards may cause health problems, such as methemoglobinemia and gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical quality of dug well water in the vicinity of TPA Antang.

Method: A descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from November 2024 to May 2025 on 12 dug wells selected using a total sampling technique. The parameters examined included color, odor, turbidity, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia, which were analyzed at the Environmental Chemistry Laboratory of the Department of Environmental Health, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar. The results were compared with the quality standards established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2 of 2023 and analyzed using univariate methods.

Result: A total of 8 samples (66.7%) did not meet the water quality standards. Most samples complied with the standards for turbidity, color, odor, nitrite, and ammonia (91.7–100%). However, 7 samples (58.3%) had nitrate concentrations exceeding the permissible limit.

Conclusion: Physically, the quality of dug well water around TPA Antang was generally acceptable; however, most samples failed to meet the overall water quality standards due to elevated nitrate levels. Regular water quality monitoring and improvements in environmental sanitation are necessary to prevent further deterioration of groundwater quality.

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Keywords: Air Sumur Gali, Kualitas Air, TPA Antang, Kualitas Air, Pencemaran Air

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