DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/kapal.v22i3.74393

Ship Maneuvering Simulation to Determine Elements of Tugboat Handling: A Case Study of Paciran Port

*Esqy Dhiya'ul Fuady  -  Safety and Risk Engineering Department, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Indonesia
I Putu Sindhu Asmara  -  Safety and Risk Engineering Department, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Indonesia
Imam Sutrisno  -  Safety and Risk Engineering Department, Shipbuilding Institute of Polytechnic Surabaya, Indonesia
Received: 12 Jun 2025; Revised: 3 Aug 2025; Accepted: 4 Aug 2025; Available online: 11 Aug 2025; Published: 31 Oct 2025.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2025 Kapal: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi Kelautan
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Paciran Port, serving as a multipurpose facility for both cargo transport and ferry services, plays a crucial role in the transportation network of East Java province. With a significant increase in vessel visits, particularly barges carrying limestone, ensuring safety during ship berthing operations has become a critical concern. This study aims to identify the key elements of tugboat handling required for safely berthing a barge. The element consists of the percentage of tugboat capacity, the heading of the tugboat, the time series, and the duration. In this study, ship berthing maneuver simulations are based on the Maneuvering Modelling Group (MMG) method. The prediction of the ship's maneuvering motion is simulated using MATLAB software within a 3-DOF (Degree of Freedom) framework. A simulation was conducted across four scenarios by varying the environmental conditions of wind direction, wind speed, current direction, and current speed. Each environmental condition varies into two initial speeds (0 knots and 2.9 knots). The berthing speed limits follow the PIANC standard. The results show that the element of tugboat handling angle can assist the barge to safely berth under diverse environmental conditions and initial speeds, with final berthing speeds consistently below 0.3 m/s (0.58 knots), which falls within the moderate condition category according to PIANC standards. Trajectory analyses further affirmed that the barge remained within the designated Paciran Port channel throughout all simulated scenarios.

Fulltext

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Structural design analysis of sandwich panels under axial compression load: Utilization of geometry and material variations Ship Maneuvering Simulation to Determine Elements of Tugboat Handling: A Case Study of Paciran Port More recent articles
Most cited articles
Karakteristik Geometri dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Stabilitas Kapal Ferry Ro-Ro Indonesia PENGARUH BENTUK LAMBUNG KAPAL TERHADAP POLA ALIRAN DAN POWERING PADA KAPAL PERAIRAN SUNGAI DAN LAUT PENGELASAN PLAT KAPAL MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR GAS ANALISA NUMERIK GERAKAN DAN KEKUATAN KAPAL AKIBAT BEBAN SLAMMING PADA KAPAL PERANG TIPE CORVETTE KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN PROGRAM APLIKASI DESAIN KAPAL TRADISIONAL PADA GALANGAN KAPAL KAYU DI KABUPATEN BATANG More cited articles
  1. G. Hejun, F. Fuquan, J. Xiaobin, W. Deling, and T. Qingfeng, “Ship berthing safety assessment based on ship-handling simulator,” American Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 10, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtte.20210601.12
  2. A. K. Vo, T. L. Mai, and H. K. Yoon, “Path planning for automatic berthing using ship-maneuvering simulation-based deep reinforcement learning,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 23, Art. no. 12731, Nov. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312731
  3. H.-T. Lee, J.-S. Lee, W.-J. Son, and I.-S. Cho, “Development of machine learning strategy for predicting the risk range of ship’s berthing velocity,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 5, Art. no. 376, May 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8050376
  4. V. Paulauskas, M. Simutis, B. Plačienė, R. Barzdžiukas, M. Jonkus, and D. Paulauskas, “The influence of port tugs on improving the navigational safety of the port,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, Art. no. 342, Mar. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9030342
  5. V. Paulauskas and D. Paulauskas, “Ship mooring methodology designed for ship berthing in extremely limited conditions,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 13, no. 3, Art. no. 575, Mar. 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13030575
  6. G. Wu, X. Zhao, Y. Sun, and L. Wang, “Cooperative maneuvering mathematical modeling for multi-tugs towing a ship in the port environment,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 4, Art. no. 384, Apr. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040384
  7. M. Sano and K. Hasegawa, “A fundamental study on the ship handling simulation of tug–barge and pusher–barge systems for river service,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Ship and Offshore Technology (ICSOT India 2015), Kharagpur, India, 10–11 Dec. 2015, pp. 141-150, ISBN 978-1-5108-2296-2. doi: https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.icsotin15.2015.02
  8. Y. He, L. Chen, Q. Zeng, and S. Zhang He, “Maneuvering prediction of the tugboat vessel based on CFD methods,” in Proceedings of the 33rd International Ocean & Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2023), Ottawa, Canada, 19-23 June 2023. (Pages in ISOPE Proceedings). Y. He, L. Chen, Q. Zeng, and S. Zhang He, “Maneuvering prediction of the tugboat vessel based on CFD methods,” in Proceedings of the 33rd International Ocean & Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE 2023), Ottawa, Canada, 19-23 June 2023. (Pages in ISOPE Proceedings)
  9. G. Taimuri, J. Matusiak, T. Mikkola, P. Kujala, and S. Hirdaris, “A 6-DoF maneuvering model for the rapid estimation of hydrodynamic actions in deep and shallow waters,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 218, Art. no. 108103, Dec. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108103
  10. B. Zhao, X. Zhang, and C. Liang, “A novel parameter identification algorithm for 3-DOF ship maneuvering modelling using nonlinear multi-innovation,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, Art. no. 581, Apr. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10050581
  11. Y. Xia, S. Zheng, Y. Yang, and Z. Qu, “Ship maneuvering performance prediction based on MMG model,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 452, Art. no. 042046, Dec. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/452/4/042046
  12. R. Okuda, H. Yasukawa, and A. Matsuda, “Validation of maneuvering simulations for a KCS at different forward speeds using the 4-DOF MMG method,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 284, Art. no. 115174, Sep. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.115174
  13. K. Dai and Y. Li, “Experimental and numerical investigation on maneuvering performance of small waterplane area twin hull,” Brodogradnja, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 93–114, Jun. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.21278/brod72206
  14. A. Wicaksono, N. Hashimoto, and T. Takahashi, “Representation of small passenger ferry maneuvering motions by practical modular model,” International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 57–64, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnaoe.2020.12.006
  15. I. Iswandi, R. Hidayat, and S. B. Wibowo, “An evaluation method of ship-tracking algorithms for high-frequency surface wave radar considering high maneuvers generated by the MMG model,” Journal of Engineering, vol. 2023, pp. 1–13, May 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1481943
  16. S. Zhang, Q. Wu, J. Liu, Y. He, and S. Li, “State-of-the-art review and future perspectives on maneuvering modeling for automatic ship berthing,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 11, no. 9, Art. no. 1824, Sep. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11091824
  17. C. Chen, L. Zou, Z. Zou, and H. Guo, “Assessment of CFD-based ship maneuvering predictions using different propeller modeling methods,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 10, no. 8, Art. no. 1131, Aug. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10081131
  18. A. H. Muhammad, Syarifuddin, D. Paroka, S. Rahman, Wisyono, and A. A. Pratama, “Maneuvering performance of a 30 GT fishing vessel with asymmetrical propeller configuration,” Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 491–498, Jan. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.29244/jitkt.v9i2.19314
  19. I. Putu Sindhu Asmara and A. W. Husodo, “Ship to ship manoeuvring simulation to determine elements of tugboat handling,” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, vol. 1081, no. 1, Art. no. 012014, Sep. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1081/1/012014
  20. I. P. Asmara, E. Kobayashi, and T. Pitana, “Simulation of collision avoidance by considering potential area of water for maneuvering based on MMG model and AIS data,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, SciTePress, 2013, pp. 243–250, doi: https://doi.org/10.5220/0004478002430250
  21. A. Roubos, L. Groenewegen, and D. J. Peters, “Berthing velocity of large seagoing vessels in the port of Rotterdam,” Marine Structures, vol. 51, pp. 202–219, Jan. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2016.10.011
  22. H. Yasukawa and Y. Yoshimura, “Introduction of MMG standard method for ship maneuvering predictions,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 37–52, Mar. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-014-0293-y
  23. V. V. Deogaonkar, A. K. Jadhav, K. Ramachandran, and A. S. Somayajula, “Data driven identification of ship maneuvering coefficients,” in Volume 5: Ocean Engineering, ASME OMAE 2023, Jun. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/OMAE2023-104644
  24. S.-H. Kim, C.-K. Lee, and S.-M. Lee, “Estimation of maneuverability of fishing vessel considering hull-form characteristics,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 9, no. 6, Art. no. 569, May 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060569
  25. O. F. Sukas, O. K. Kinaci, and S. Bal, “Theoretical background and application of MANSIM for ship maneuvering simulations,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 192, Art. no. 106239, Nov. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.106239
  26. M. Maljković, I. Pavić, T. Meštrović, and M. Perkovič, “Ship maneuvering in shallow and narrow waters: Predictive methods and model development review,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 12, no. 8, Art. no. 1450, Aug. 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12081450
  27. T. Fujiwara, M. Ueno, and T. Nimura, “Estimation of wind forces and moments acting on ships,” Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan, Vol. 1998, no. 183, pp. 77–90, 1998, doi: 10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1998.77.T.Fujiwara,M.Ueno,andT.Nimura,“Estimationofwindforcesandmomentsactingonships,”JournaloftheSocietyofNavalArchitectsofJapan,no.183,pp.77–90,1998,doi: https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1998.77.
  28. H. Yasukawa and R. Sakuno, “Application of the MMG method for the prediction of steady sailing condition and course stability of a ship under external disturbances,” Journal of Marine Science and Technology, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 196–220, Mar. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-019-00641-4
  29. E. Lee, A. J. Mokashi, S. Y. Moon, and G. Kim, “The maturity of Automatic Identification Systems (AIS) and its implications for innovation,” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, vol. 7, no. 9, Art. no. 287, Aug. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7090287
  30. T. Emmens, C. Amrit, A. Abdi, and M. Ghosh, “The promises and perils of Automatic Identification System data,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 178, Art. no. 114975, Sep. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114975
  31. A. A. Roubos, R. Williams, and P. Mirihagalla, “Recommendations for berthing velocity in PIANC WG211,” in Proceedings of the 35th PIANC World Congress 2024, Cape Town, South Africa, 29 April – 3 May 2024, pp. 1050-1056, ISBN 978-2-87223-041-9

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-09-28 09:58:24

No citation recorded.