Demiliterisasi Jepang dan Remiliterisasi Jepang: Perubahan JSDF sebagai Instrumen Strategis Kawasan

Abstract

Following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945, Japan was forced by US to underwent demilitarization, the Imperial Japanese Military were disbanded and Japan was prohibited from maintaining military under Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution. Instead, Japan’s defense was entrusted to the United States military. However, the Korean War broke out on June 25, 1950, between North Korea, which was the Soviet Union’s ally, and South Korea, which was United States ally. This war involved the United States, which aided South Korea against North Korea. U.S. forces in Korean suffered massive losses at the start of the war; as a result, U.S. troops assigned to defend Japan were largely deployed to South Korea to serve as reinforcements. The deployment of U.S. troops from Japan to Korea left Japan’s defenses severely depleted, making Japan’s national security vulnerable to foreign invasion. To address Japan’s vulnerability caused by the redeployment of U.S. forces, the Japanese Prime Minister, with the approval of the Allied Headquarters, established the National Police Reserve on August 10, 1950, later evolved into the National Safety Force, and on July 1, 1954, was reorganized into the Japan Self-Defense Forces. During the Cold War, Japan was on the Western side and served as one of the front lines against the Soviet Union. The United States maintained its military presence in East Asia after Okinawa returned to Japan. As the JSDF developed, Japan acquired military capabilities with a doctrine equivalent to that.