DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jksa.21.4.211-217

Carbonylation Reaction between Glycerol and Urea using CaO Catalyst

1Chemical Engineering Department, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

2Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Indonesia

Received: 5 Aug 2018; Revised: 22 Oct 2018; Accepted: 22 Oct 2018; Published: 31 Oct 2018.
Open Access Copyright 2018 Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract
This study aims to utilize abundant glycerol because the production is more than the consumption. The use of glycerol is carried out through a carbonylation reaction between glycerol and urea to obtain glycerol carbonate. In the carbonylation reaction, variations in the use of CaO catalysts were carried out at 130°C and 160°C and the use of ZnO catalysts at 160°C. The results of product testing using GC-MS showed that the desired glycerol carbonate was not detected, but 1,3-dioxol-2-one was detected as the reaction result in the largest amount. The carbonylation reaction using catalyst CaO 1 mol% with a temperature of 160°C and constant stirring for 3 hours resulted in a conversion of 92.86% and a 1.3-dioxol-2-one yield of 64.80%. The carbonylation reaction using ZnO 1 catalyst mol% at 160°C and constant stirring for 3 hours can produce a conversion of 94.88% and a 1,3-dioxol-2-one yield of 30.06%.
Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Glycerol; CaO catalyst; carbonylation reaction; urea

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Research Articles
Language : ID
Recent articles
Effect of Phosphate Addition and Exposure of Micro Waves on Comparatives Ca/F in Gipsum Waste: Preliminary Study of Hydroxyappatite Synthesis (HAp) from Ceramics Gypsum Industry Waste Electrosynthesis of α-Fe2O3 in a Fe(s)|KCl(aq)||H2O(aq)|C(s) System Validation of UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Inulin Levels from Lesser Yam (Dioscorea esculenta L.) More recent articles
Most cited articles
New Chemicals and Routes for the Preparation of Gelatin/HA Composites using the Wet Precipitation Method Modifikasi Zeolit Alam Menggunakan TiO2 sebagai Fotokatalis Zat Pewarna Indigo Carmine Sintesis Metil Eugenol dan Benzil Eugenol dari Minyak Daun Cengkeh Pengaruh Serbuk Kaca dan Variasi Suhu Pembakaran pada Pembuatan Genteng Lempung Sedimentasi Banjir Kanal Timur Kota Semarang terhadap Kuat Tekan serta Daya Serapnya terhadap Air Antioxidant Activity of Daemonorops draco Resin More cited articles
  1. Alexandre Bevilacqua Leoneti, Valquiria Aragão-Leoneti, Sonia Valle Walter Borges de Oliveira, Glycerol as a by-product of biodiesel production in Brazil: Alternatives for the use of unrefined glycerol, Renewable Energy, 45, (2012) 138-145 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.02.032
  2. Muhammad Ayoub, Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah, Critical review on the current scenario and significance of crude glycerol resulting from biodiesel industry towards more sustainable renewable energy industry, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16, 5, (2012) 2671-2686 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.01.054
  3. Peter D. Godfrey, Ronald D. Brown, Andrew N. Hunter, The shape of urea, Journal of Molecular Structure, 413-414, (1997) 405-414 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2860(97)00176-2
  4. Pan Saiyong, Liping Zheng, Nie Renfeng, Xia Shuixin, Chen Ping, Hou Zhaoyin, Transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate over Na–based zeolites, Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 33, 11-12, (2012) 1772-1777 https://doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2067(11)60450-6
  5. Michele Aresta, Angela Dibenedetto, Francesco Nocito, Carla Ferragina, Valorization of bio-glycerol: new catalytic materials for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate via glycerolysis of urea, Journal of Catalysis, 268, 1, (2009) 106-114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.09.008
  6. Liguo Wang, Yubo Ma, Ying Wang, Shimin Liu, Youquan Deng, Efficient synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea with lanthanum oxide as a solid base catalyst, Catalysis Communications, 12, 15, (2011) 1458-1462 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2011.05.027
  7. Shin-ichiro Fujita, Yuki Yamanishi, Masahiko Arai, Synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and urea using zinc-containing solid catalysts: A homogeneous reaction, Journal of catalysis, 297, (2013) 137-141 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.10.001
  8. Jong-Ho Park, Ji Sik Choi, Soo Kyoung Woo, Sang Deuk Lee, Minserk Cheong, Hoon Sik Kim, Hyunjoo Lee, Isolation and characterization of intermediate catalytic species in the Zn-catalyzed glycerolysis of urea, Applied Catalysis A: General, 433, (2012) 35-40 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.04.031
  9. Lu Chen, Shoujie Ren, X. Philip Ye, Lactic acid production from glycerol using CaO as solid base catalyst, Fuel Processing Technology, 120, (2014) 40-47 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2013.11.019
  10. ASTM D445-06, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), in, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2006
  11. Fidelis Stefanus Hubertson Simanjuntak, Tae Kyung Kim, Sang Deuk Lee, Byoung Sung Ahn, Hoon Sik Kim, Hyunjoo Lee, CaO-catalyzed synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate: Isolation and characterization of an active Ca species, Applied Catalysis A: General, 401, 1-2, (2011) 220-225 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2011.05.024
  12. Maria J Climent, Avelino Corma, Pilar De Frutos, Sara Iborra, Maria Noy, Alexandra Velty, Patricia Concepción, Chemicals from biomass: synthesis of glycerol carbonate by transesterification and carbonylation with urea with hydrotalcite catalysts. The role of acid–base pairs, Journal of catalysis, 269, 1, (2010) 140-149 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2009.11.001
  13. Swapna M. Gade, Mudassir K. Munshi, Batul M. Chherawalla, Vilas H. Rane, Ashutosh A. Kelkar, Synthesis of glycidol from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using ionic liquid as a catalyst, Catalysis Communications, 27, (2012) 184-188 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2012.07.003

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-12-26 09:19:02

No citation recorded.