Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles of Nurse Managers and Job Satisfaction among Filipino Nurses: A Pilot Study

Lucky Fitzgerald R Lapeña  -  Graduate School of Nursing, Concordia College, Philippines
*Cyruz P Tuppal orcid  -  St. Paul University Philippines System, Oman
Bradley Goldie K Loo  -  Concordia College, Philippines
Kenji Hennessy C. Abe  -  Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Saudi Arabia
Received: 11 Jul 2017; Published: 28 Dec 2017.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2018 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing


Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Due to the paucity of literature in leadership styles and job satisfaction within the Philippine context, this descriptive correlational study among Filipino nurses (FNs) was piloted in a selected tertiary hospital in Manila.

Purpose: This study utilized a descriptive correlational research design to describe aspects of a situation and explore relationships among leadership styles and job satisfaction, without seeking to establish causal connections

Methods: Before the data collection, the researchers secured an administrative and ethical clearance from the executive assistant to the President thru the Officer-in-Charge of the Nursing Service Division of the hospital. There were 285 staff nurses, of which only 100 nurses were qualified to have at least one year of experience. Three sets of questionnaires were disseminated, and responses were treated analyzed using the descriptive statistics to describe the demographic and work profile, LS, and JS while Pearson R correlation was used to measure the relationship between LS and JS.

Results: Using self-administered questionnaires, FNs rated their level of satisfaction (M=3.37) from high to a moderate extent along with professional autonomy (M=3.91), work environment (M=3.81), work assignment (M=3.61), and benefits (M=2.71). Participants agreed that their nurse managers utilized either transformational or transactional leadership styles. Findings indicate that transformational (r=0.558, p<0.000) and transactional (r=0.528, p< 0.000) leadership styles of nurse managers were correlated to nurses’ job satisfaction.

Conclusion: The finding explicates that FNs were satisfied in their professional autonomy, work environment, and work assignment but moderately satisfied in work benefits which were also apparent in the global literature. Furthermore, the results indicate that leadership styles are related to the overall job satisfaction of among nurses.
Keywords: Job satisfaction; leadership styles; nursing service; Philippines

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language: EN
In Vol 7, No 2 (2017): (DECEMBER 2017)
Statistics: 5687 3369
Related articles
Casey-Fink Graduate Experience Survey for Nurses and Preceptors in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia The Relationship between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Saudi Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study Workplace Stressors and Coping Strategies Among Public Hospital Nurses in Medan, Indonesia Work-Related Fatigue Factors among Hospital Nurses: An Integrative Literature Review Working Environment In Nursing: Needs Improvement?
  1. Aarons, G. A. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership: Association with attitudes toward evidence-based practice. Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.), 57(8), 1162-1169. doi: 10.1176/appi.ps.57.8.1162
  2. Abdelhafiz, I. M., Alloubani, A. M., & Almatari, M. (2016). Impact of leadership styles adopted by head nurses on job satisfaction: A comparative study between governmental and private hospitals in Jordan. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(3), 384-392. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12333
  3. Abualrub, R. F., & Alghamdi, M. G. (2012). The impact of leadership styles on nurses’ satisfaction and intention to stay among Saudi nurses. Journal of Nursing Management, 20(5), 668-678. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01320.x
  4. Al-Shamari, B., Paulose, J., Ou, C., & Ngwakongnwi, E. (2015). Multifactor examination of nursing job satisfaction: a cross-sectional survey in a tertiary hospital, Qatar. International Journal of Nursing, 4(1)
  5. Alsaraireh, F., Quinn Griffin, M. T., Ziehm, S. R., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2014). Job satisfaction and turnover intention among Jordanian nurses in psychiatric units. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 23(5), 460-467
  6. Atefi, N., Lim Abdullah, K., Wong, L. P., & Mazlom, R. (2015). Factors influencing job satisfaction among registered nurses: a questionnaire survey in Mashhad, Iran. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(4), 448-458. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12151
  7. Bai, J. (2016). Does job satisfaction mediate the relationship between healthy work environment and care quality? Nursing in Critical Care, 21(1), 18-27
  8. Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press
  9. Burke, R. J. (2004). Encyclopedia of health care management. In M. J. Stahl (Ed.). Thousand oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/healthcaremanagement doi: 10.4135/9781412950602
  10. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper & Row
  11. Burns, J. M. (2003). Transforming leadership: A new pursuit of happiness (Vol. 213): Grove Press
  12. De Cremer, D. (2003). Why inconsistent leadership is regarded as procedurally unfair: The importance of social self‐esteem concerns. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33(4), 535-550
  13. Delobelle, P., Rawlinson, J. L., Ntuli, S., Malatsi, I., Decock, R., & Depoorter, A. M. (2011). Job satisfaction and turnover intent of primary healthcare nurses in rural South Africa: A questionnaire survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 67(2), 371-383
  14. Galletta, M., Portoghese, I., Coppola, R. C., Finco, G., & Campagna, M. (2016). Nurses well-being in intensive care units: Study of factors promoting team commitment. Nursing in Critical Care, 21(3), 146-156. doi: 10.1111/nicc.12083
  15. Goh, Y.-S., Lee, A., Chan, S. W.-C., & Chan, M. F. (2015). Profiling nurses' job satisfaction, acculturation, work environment, stress, cultural values and coping abilities: A cluster analysis. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21(4), 443-452
  16. Goh, Y. S., & Lopez, V. (2016). Job satisfaction, work environment and intention to leave among migrant nurses working in a publicly funded tertiary hospital. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(7), 893-901. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12395
  17. Gurková, E., Čáp, J., Žiaková, K., & Ďurišková, M. (2012). Job satisfaction and emotional subjective well-being among Slovak nurses. International nursing review, 59(1), 94-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00922.x
  18. Herzberg, F. I. (1966). Work and the nature of man. Cleaveland and New York: World Publishing Company
  19. Huong Nguyen, T. T., & Prachusilpa, G. (2016). Factors related to job satisfaction of professional nurses, Hanoi, Vietnam. European Scientific Journal, 12(23)
  20. IBM Corp. (2015). SPSS: IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh (Version 23). Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation
  21. Ibrahim, N. K., Alzahrani, N. A., Batwie, A. A., Abushal, R. A., Almogati, G. G., Sattam, M. A., & Hussin, B. K. (2016). Quality of life, job satisfaction and their related factors among nurses working in King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Contemporary Nurse, 52(4), 486-498. doi: 10.1080/10376178.2016.1224123
  22. Jiang, H., Li, C., Gu, Y., & Lu, H. (2016). Nurse Satisfaction and Burnout in Shanghai Neurology Wards. Rehabilitation Nursing, 41(2), 120-127. doi: 10.1002/rnj.174
  23. Judge, T. A., & Klinger, R. (2008). Job Satisfaction. In M. Eid & R. Larsen (Eds.), The Science of Subjective Well-Being (pp. 392-413). New York: Guilford Publications
  24. Kubichka, M. M. (2016). The influence of perceived same-status nurse-to-nurse coworker exchange relationships, quality of care provided, overall nurse job satisfaction, and organizational commitment on intent to stay and job search behavior of nurses in the acute care nurse work environment. (10123784 Ph.D.), The University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global database
  25. Kuwano, N., Fukuda, H., & Murashima, S. (2016). Factors affecting professional autonomy of Japanese nurses caring for culturally and linguistically diverse patients in a hospital setting in Japan. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 27(6), 567-573. doi: 10.1177/1043659615587588
  26. Laschinger, H. K., Zhu, J., & Read, E. (2016). New nurses’ perceptions of professional practice behaviours, quality of care, job satisfaction and career retention. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(5), 656-665. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12370
  27. Leineweber, C., Chungkham, H. S., Lindqvist, R., Westerlund, H., Runesdotter, S., Smeds Alenius, L., & Tishelman, C. (2016). Nurses' practice environment and satisfaction with schedule flexibility is related to intention to leave due to dissatisfaction: A multi-country, multilevel study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 58, 47-58. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.02.003
  28. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 1297-1350). Illinois, USA: Rand McNally
  29. Lorenzo, F. M. E., Galvez-Tan, J., Icamina, K., & Javier, L. (2007). Nurse migration from a source country perspective: Philippine country case study. Health Services Research, 42(3 Pt 2), 1406-1418. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00716.x
  30. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370
  31. Maurits, E. E., de Veer, A. J., Groenewegen, P. P., & Francke, A. L. (2017). Home-care nursing staff in self-directed teams are more satisfied with their job and feel they have more autonomy over patient care: A nationwide survey. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 73(10), 2430-2440. doi: 10.1111/jan.13298
  32. Miller, L. (2017). Balancing leadership styles. Retrieved from http://www.theherald.com.au/
  33. Morsiani, G., Bagnasco, A., & Sasso, L. (2017). How staff nurses perceive the impact of nurse managers’ leadership style in terms of job satisfaction: A mixed method study. Journal of Nursing Management, 25(2), 119-128. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12448
  34. Naveed, I., Hussain, A., Sarfraz, M., Afghan, S., & Waqar, S. H. (2016). Assessment of job satisfaction among nurses working in children hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Pakistan Journal of Medical Research, 55(4), 116-120
  35. Pastor, D. C. (2015, August 16, 2015 ). Filipino nurses in high demand in US health facilities. Retrieved from http://www.rappler.com/move-ph/balikbayan
  36. Perez, J. L. (2014). Impact of Nurse Managers' Leadership Styles on Staff Nurses' Intent to Turnover. (Master of Science in Nursing), Gardner-Webb University, Boiling Springs. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/nursing_etd
  37. Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2016). Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  38. Singh, P., & Loncar, N. (2010). Pay satisfaction, job satisfaction and turnover intent. Relations Industrielles, 65(3), 470-490. doi: 10.7202/044892ar
  39. Spector, P. (1997). Job satisfaction: application, assessment, causes, and consequences. In. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc. Retrieved from http://sk.sagepub.com/books/job-satisfaction. doi: 10.4135/9781452231549
  40. Stuart, E. H., Jarvis, A., & Daniel, K. (2008). A ward without walls? District nurses' perceptions of their workload management priorities and job satisfaction. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17(22), 3012-3020
  41. Tayao-Juego, A. (2016). PH nurses unite to fight contractualization. Retrieved from http://globalnation.inquirer.net
  42. The Manila Times. (2016). 200,000 registered nurses are jobless. Retrieved from http://www.manilatimes.net
  43. Tuppal, C. P. (2017). A Cloud Drifting from Silent Darkness: Workplace Incivility and Professional Quality of Life among Filipino Educated Nurses. Germany: Scholar’s Press
  44. Ugwa, E. (2014). A cross-sectional study of job satisfaction and leadership styles among the nurses in Aminu Kano teaching hospital. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 11(2), 114-120. doi: 10.4103/0331-8540.140363
  45. Van Bogaert, P., Clarke, S., Willems, R., & Mondelaers, M. (2013). Nurse practice environment, workload, burnout, job outcomes, and quality of care in psychiatric hospitals: A structural equation model approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(7), 1515-1524
  46. Wang, Y., Dong, W., Mauk, K., Li, P., Wan, J., Yang, G., . . . Hao, M. (2015). Nurses' practice environment and their job satisfaction: A study on nurses caring for older adults in Shanghai. Plos One, 10(9). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138035
  47. Wong, C. A. (2015). Connecting nursing leadership and patient outcomes: State of the science. Journal of Nursing Management, 23(3), 275-278. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12307
  48. Wu, L. C., Maa, S. H., Chung, T. C., Huang, K. H., Hsieh, M. C., & Chen, C. H. (2014). A pilot study of the professional autonomy, job satisfaction, and related factors of nurses at a regional hospital. Journal of Nursing, 61(5), 54-65. doi: 10.6224/JN.61.5.54

Last update: 2021-04-10 00:53:50

  1. Predictors and outcomes of nurse professional autonomy: A cross-sectional study

    Leodoro J. Labrague, Denise M. McEnroe-Petitte, Konstantinos Tsaras. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 25 (1), 2019. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12711

Last update: 2021-04-10 00:53:50

  1. Predictors and outcomes of nurse professional autonomy: A cross-sectional study

    Leodoro J. Labrague, Denise M. McEnroe-Petitte, Konstantinos Tsaras. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 25 (1), 2019. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12711

Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, copyright of the article shall be assigned to Nurse Media Journal of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University as the publisher of this journal. 

Copyright encompasses exclusive rights to reproduce and deliver the article in all forms and media, including reprints, photographs, microfilms and any other similar reproductions, as well as translations. The reproduction of any part of this journal, its storage in databases and its transmission by any forms or media, such as electronic, electrostatic and mechanical copies, photocopies, recordings, magnetic media, etc., will be allowed only with a written permission from Nurse Media Journal of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University. 

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in Nurse Media Journal of Nursing are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers. 

The Copyright Transfer Agreement Form can be downloaded by click this link Copyright Transfer Agreement Form. The copyright form should be filled with respect to article and be signed originally and sent to the Editorial Office in the form of original email, or scanned document file (softcopy) to: 

 

Dr. Meira Erawati (Editor-in-Chief)

Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University

Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275

Telp.: +62-24-76480919; Fax.: +62-24-76486849

E-mail: media_ners@live.undip.ac.id