DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v10i2.28775

Effects of Mindfulness on Stimulating Hope and Recovery among People with Schizophrenia

Halimah Wenny Yulina Astuti  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Murti Agustin  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
*Sri Padma Sari  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Diyan Yuli Wijayanti  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Widodo Sarjana  -  Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Rozzano C. Locsin  -  Tokushima University, Japan
Open Access Copyright (c) 2020 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Hope has an essential role in the recovery journey for people with schizophrenia. Current studies showed that people with schizophrenia reported having low hope. There is growing evidence that mindfulness has favorable effects on mental health in populations with chronic illness, including people with schizophrenia. However, the studies evaluating effects of mindfulness on hope and recovery for people with schizophrenia are limited.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of mindfulness on hope and recovery among people with schizophrenia.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 54 patients with schizophrenia based on purposive sampling in a psychiatric hospital in Indonesia. The respondents were divided into two groups with 27 patients each in the intervention and the control group. The intervention group received 2-session mindfulness, while the control group received standard care. The data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, the Schizophrenia Hope Scale (SHS-9), and Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), and analyzed using the Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests. 

Results: After mindfulness therapy, the intervention group showed a higher mean score of hope than the control group (14.30±2.50 and 9.04±2.15, respectively) as well as in the mean of recovery (86.78±4.00 and 73.56±6.04, respectively). There were significant differences in hope and recovery levels between the two groups with p-value <0.001.

Conclusion: This study showed that mindfulness is an effective strategy to stimulate hope and recovery among people with schizophrenia. Nurses can apply mindfulness as one of the nursing interventions for helping the recovery process among this population.


 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Hope; mindfulness; recovery; schizophrenia

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
Effects of Peer Support Program on Self-Management in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis Peer Conformity Affects Smoking Behavior among Male Adolescents in a High School in Padang, Indonesia Lived Experiences of Adolescents with Internet Addiction Editorial Front Matter Editorial Back Matter More recent articles
  1. Acharya, T., & Agius, M. (2017). The importance of hope against other factors in the recovery of mental illness. Psychiatria Danubina, 29(Suppl 3), 619-622
  2. Black, D. S. (2011). A brief definition of mindfulness. Mindfulness research guide, 1-2. Retrieved from http://www.mindfulexperience.org
  3. Chien, W.T., Cheng, H.Y., McMaster, T.W., Yip, A.L.K., & Wong, J.C.L. (2019). Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation group programme for early-stage of schizophrenia: A 18-month randomised controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 212, 140-149. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.07.053
  4. Chien, W. T., & Thompson, D. R. (2014). Effects of a mindfulness-based psychoeducation programme for Chinese patients with schizophrenia: 2-Year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 205(1), 52-59. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.134635
  5. Choe, K. (2014). Development and preliminary testing for schizophrenia hope scale, a brief scale to measure hope in people with schizophrenia. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 51(6), 927-933. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.018
  6. Coşkun, E., & Altun, Ö. Ş. (2017). The relationship between the hope levels of patients with schizophrenia and functional recovery. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(1), 98-102. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2017.10.006
  7. Falkenburg, J., & Tracy, D. K. (2014). Sex and schizophrenia: A review of gender differences. Psychosis, 6(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1080/17522439.2012.733405
  8. Gaiswinkler, L., Kaufmann, P., Pollheimer, E., Ackermann, A., Holasek, S., Kapfhammer, H. P., & Unterrainer, H. F. (2020). Mindfulness and self-compassion in clinical psychiatric rehabilitation: A clinical trial. Mindfulness, 11, 374-383. doi: 10.1007/s12671-019-01171-1
  9. Ganguly, P. (2018). Mindfulness in holistic management of schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychology & Behavior Analysis, 4, 156. doi: 10.15344/2455-3867/2018/156
  10. Hancock, N., Scanlan, J.N., Honey, A., Bundy, A.C., & O'Shea, C. (2015). Recovery assessment scale - domains and stages (RAS-DS): Its feasibility and outcomes measurement capacity. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 49(7), 624-633. doi: 10.1177/0004867414564084
  11. Hayes, L. M. (2014). Hope and recovery in a family treatment for schizophrenia: A program evaluation of a family psychoeducational intervention. Retrieved from https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/40751
  12. Hayes, L., Herrman, H., Castle, D., & Harvey, C. (2017). Hope, recovery, symptoms: The importance of hope for people living with severe mental illness. Australas Psychiatry, 25(6), 583-587. doi: 10.1177/1039856217726693
  13. Hodann-Caudevilla, R.M., Diaz-Silveira, C., Burgos-Julian, F., & Santed, M.A. (2020). Mindfulness-based interventions for people with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Environmental Resaerch and Public Health, 17(13), 4690. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17134690
  14. Kavak, F., Unal, S., & Yilmaz, E. (2016). Effects of relaxation exercises and music therapy on the psychological symptoms and depression levels of patients with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30, 508-512. doi: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.05.003
  15. Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., … & Hofmann, S. G. (2013). Mindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 33(6), 763-771. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005
  16. Knight, M., Pultinas, D., Collins, S., Sellig, C., Freeman, D. C., Strimaitis, C., & Silver, R. R. (2014). Teaching mindfulness on an inpatient psychiatric unit. Mindfulness, 5(3), 259-267. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0175-5
  17. Lam, A.H.Y., & Chien, W.T. (2016). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention for people with schizophrenia: A systematic review. Neuropsychiatry, 6(5), 208-222. doi: 10.4172/Neuropsychiatry.1000142
  18. Lee, K. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 275, 137-142. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.079
  19. Li, R., Ma, X., Wang, G., Yang, J., & Wang, C. (2016). Why sex differences in schizophrenia?. Journal of Translational Neuroscience (Beijing), 1(1), 37-42
  20. Libman-Sokolowska, M., & Nasierowski, T. (2013). The importance of hope in coping with schizophrenia. Psychiatria Polska, 47(5), 933-943. doi: 10.12740/PP/18147
  21. Lin, Y.-R., Wu, M.-H., Yang, C.-I., Chen, T.-H., Hsu, C.-C., Chang, Y-C, … & Chou, K.-R. (2008). Evaluation of assertive training for psychiatric patients. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17, 2875-2883. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02343.x
  22. Louise, S., Fitzpatrick, M., Strauss, C., Rossell, S. L., & Thomas, N. (2018). Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for psychosis: Our current understanding and a meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 192, 57-63. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.023
  23. Munif, B., Poeranto, S., & Utami, Y. W. (2019). Effects of Islamic spiritual mindfulness on stress among nursing students. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 9(1), 69. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v9i1.22253
  24. Nada, K., Kusumawardhani, A.A.A., Wiguna, T., & Elvira, S.D. (2018). RAS-DS (recovery assessment scale - domains and stages). Retrieved from https://ras-ds.net.au/download
  25. Parekh, R. (2017). What is schizophrenia? Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia
  26. Riecher-Rössler, A., Butler, S., & Kulkarni, J. (2018). Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses — A critical review. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 21(6), 627–648. doi: 10.1007/s00737-018-0847-9
  27. Sari, S.P., Dwidiyanti, M., Wijayanti, D.Y., & Sarjana, W. (2017). Prevalence, demographic, clinical features and its association of comorbid depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 21(2), 99-108
  28. Sari, S. P, & Dwidiyanti, M. (2014). Studi kasus: Mindfullness dengan pendekatan spiritual pada pasien skizofrenia dengan resiko perilaku kekerasan [Case study: Mindfullness with a spiritual approach in schizophrenic patients with risk of violent behavior]. Proceeding Konferensi Nasional XI Keperawatan Kesehatan Jiwa. 290-294. Pekanbaru: Ikatan Perawat Kesehatan Jiwa Indonesia Wilayah Provinsi Riau
  29. Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope theory: rainbows in the mind. Psychological Inquiry, 13(4), 249-275
  30. Sommer, I. E., Tiihonen, J., Van Mourik, A., Tanskanen, A., & Taipale, H. (2020). The clinical course of schizophrenia in women and men- a nation-wide cohort study. npj Schizophrenia, 6(12). doi: 10.1038/s41537-020-0102-z
  31. Soundy, A., Stubbs, B., Roskell, C., Williams, S.E, Fox, A., & Vancampfort, D. (2015). Identifying the facilitators and processes which influence recovery in individuals with schizophrenia: a systematic review and thematic synthesis. Journal of Mental Health, 24(2), 103-110. doi: 10.3109/09638237.2014.998811
  32. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2012). SAMHSA’s working definition of recovery. USA. Retrieved from https://store.samhsa.gov/sites/default/files/d7/priv/pep12-recdef.pdf
  33. Tabak, N. T., Horan, W. P., & Green, M. F. (2015). Mindfulness in schizophrenia: Associations with self-reported motivation, emotion regulation, dysfunctional attitudes, and negative symptoms. Schizophrenia Research, 168(1-2), 537-542. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.07.030
  34. Vrbova, K., Prasko, J., Ociskova, M., Kamaradova, D., Marackova, M., Holubova, M., … & Latalova, K. (2017). Quality of life, self-stigma, and hope in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A cross-sectional study. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 567-576. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S122483
  35. World Health Organization. (2018). Schizophrenia. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/mental_health/management/schizophrenia/en/
  36. Yılmaz, E., & Okanlı, A. (2017). Test of mindfulness-based psychosocial skills training to improve insight and functional recovery in schizophrenia. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 40(9), 1357-1373. doi: 10.1177/0193945917697222
  37. Yüksel, A., & Bahadır Yılmaz, E. (2020). The effect of mindfulness-based psychosocial skills training on functioning and insight level in patients with schizophrenia. Community Mental Health Journal. doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00658-9

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update:

No citation recorded.