DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v11i2.29360

Self-Instructional Training Application on Diabetic Patients' Self-Care Behaviors

*Sri Wahyuni  -  Faculty of Health, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Indonesia
Christina Dewi Prasetyowati  -  Faculty of Health, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Indonesia
Wahyu Nur Pratiwi  -  Faculty of Health, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Indonesia
Khalid Alfiadi  -  Faculty of Health, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Indonesia
Open Access Copyright (c) 2021 Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: The diabetes mellitus cases have significantly increased in Indonesia over recent years. Health education for patients has often been carried out; however, education using self-instructional methods, which provided self-learning to solve problems by adjusting the patient's ability to improve self-care behaviors, has not been widely used.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the self-care behaviors of diabetic patients with the application of self-instructional training.

Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent pretest-posttest with a control group design. The participants were 73 diabetic patients in the out-patient units selected by a purposive sampling technique, and divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=37) and the control group (n=36). The intervention group received a self-instructional training program which was carried out in two sessions using a booklet; each session lasted for 45 minutes. The Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire was used to collect diabetic patients' self-care behavior data. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were employed for data analysis.

Results: Self-care behaviors of patients with diabetes mellitus increased before and after the training in both groups (p=0.000). However, the increase in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group, from 46.46±5.014 to 58.03±7.320 and from 47.78±4.929 to 51.64±6.406, respectively. There was also a significant difference in the self-care behaviors of diabetic patients between the intervention group and the control group (p=0.000).

Conclusion: Self-instructional training significantly improves self-care behaviors of diabetic patients. Therefore, self-instructional training can be considered to apply in the clinical setting for improving self-care behaviors of diabetic patients to prevent complications, and for enhancing nursing care of diabetes mellitus.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; self-care behavior; self-instructional training

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Articles
Language : EN
Recent articles
The Content Validity and Interrater Reliability of Nursing Outcome Classification Self-Care for Toileting among Children with Physical Disabilities Work Index and Contextual Variables as Predictors of Emergency Nurses’ Career Success Transitional Experiences from Clinical Nurse Experts to Novice Nurse Lecturers in the University for Local Development in Thailand: A Phenomenological Study Editorial Front Matter Editorial Back Matter More recent articles
Most cited articles
Dyspnea Experience and Dyspnea Management in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Bangladesh Cardiac Rehabilitation Enhancing Programs in Patients with Myocardial Infarction: A literature Review Spirituality Intervention and Outcomes: Corner stone of Holistic Nursing Practice Nursing Students’ Attitudes towards Caring for Dying Patients Teaching Pain Management to Student Nurses: A Literature Review More cited articles
  1. Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work (8th Ed). Elsevier
  2. Amelia, R., Lelo, A., Lindarto, D., & Mutiara, E. (2018). Analysis of factors affecting the self-care behaviors of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Binjai, North Sumatera-Indonesia. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 20(2), 361–367
  3. American Diabetes Association. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus: New criteria. Diabetes Care, 37(1), 581–590. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-S081
  4. Andriyanto, A., Rekawati, E., & Rahmadiyah, D. C. (2019). Increasing knowledge, attitudes, skills, and glucose control in type-2 diabetic patients through EMAS interventions. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 9(2), 141–150. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v9i2.22989
  5. Borhaninejad, V., Tahami, A. N., Yousefzadeh, G., Shati, M., Iranpour, A., & Fadayevatan, R. (2016). Predictors of self-care among the elderly with diabetes type 2: Using social cognitive theory. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 11(3), 163–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2016.08.017
  6. Choi, E. J., Nam, M., Kim, S. H., Park, C. G., Toobert, D. J., Yoo, J. S., & Chu, S. H. (2011). Psychometric properties of a Korean version of the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 48, 333–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.08.007
  7. Fenwick, E. K., Pesudovs, K., Khadka, J., Dirani, M., Rees, G., Wong, T. Y., & Lamoureux, E. L. (2012). The impact of diabetic retinopathy on quality of life: Qualitative findings from an item bank development project. Quality of Life Research, 21(10), 1771–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-012-0110-1
  8. Ghandour, R., Mikki, N., Abu Rmeileh, N. M. E., Jerdén, L., Norberg, M., Eriksson, J. W., & Husseini, A. (2018). Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ramallah and Al-Bireh: The Palestinian Diabetes Complications and Control Study (PDCCS). Primary Care Diabetes, 12(6), 547–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcd.2018.07.002
  9. Ghoreishi, M., Vahedian-shahroodi, M., & Jafari, A. (2019). Self-care behaviors in patients with type 2 diabetes: Education intervention base on social cognitive theory. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(3), 2049–2056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.045
  10. Grossmann, M. (2014). Testosterone and glucose metabolism in men: Current concepts and controversies. Journal of Endocrinology, 220(3), R37–R55. https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-13-0393
  11. Hamdan, N., Tee, T. K., Yee, M. H., Masran, S. H., Yunos, J., Mohamad, M. M., Azid, N., Othman, W., Hanapi, Z., Azman, M. N. A., Haris, M. H. M., & Shafei, S. (2019). An effectiveness of high order thinking skills (HOTS) self- instructional manual for students ’ assignment achievement. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 11(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2019.11.01.008
  12. International Diabetes Federation. (2015). IDF diabetes atlas (7th ed.). https://diabetesatlas.org/upload/resources/previous/files/7/IDF%20Diabetes%20Atlas%207th.pdf
  13. Kediri City Health Office. (2017). Profil dinas kesehatan kota Kediri [The profile of the Kediri city health office]. https://dinkes.kedirikota.go.id/
  14. Khan, J., Khan, S., Shehbaz, N., Jamshed, H., Shah, S. W. A., Imran, M., Hussian, I., Rehman, S., & Ali, N. (2010). Pharmacotherapy-based problems in the management of diabetes mellitus: Needs much more to be done. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2(3), 311–314. https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-1483.66801
  15. Lee, C. L., Lin, C. C., & Anderson, R. (2016). Psychometric evaluation of the Diabetes Self-Management Instrument short form (DSMI-20). Applied Nursing Research, 29, 83–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2015.04.013
  16. Mahatmaharti, A. K., Brata, D. P. N., & Wajdi, M. B. N. (2019). Cognitive modeling effect: Enhancing student self discipline through self instructional training. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technologi (IJMET), 10(03), 818–827
  17. McNamara, R., Robling, M., Hood, K., Bennert, K., Channon, S., Cohen, D., Crowne, E., Hambly, H., Hawthorne, K., Longo, M., Lowes, L., Playle, R., Rollnick, S., & Gregory, J. W. (2010). Development and evaluation of a Psychosocial Intervention for Children and Teenagers Experiencing Diabetes (DEPICTED): A protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of the effectiveness of a communication skills training programme for healthcare pr. BMC Health Services Research, 10, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-10-36
  18. Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive behaviour modification. Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy, 6(4), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.1977.9626708
  19. Miljkovic, M., Kaminski, L., Yu, C., & Wishnowski, L. (2015). Evaluation of video modelling and self-instructional manual to teach students to conduct a preference assessment. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 21(1), 3–10
  20. Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Profil Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 2017 [The health profile of the Republic of Indonesia, 2017]. https://pusdatin.kemkes.go.id/resources/download/pusdatin/profil-kesehatan-indonesia/Profil-Kesehatan-Indonesia-tahun-2017.pdf
  21. Moses, M., & Olenik, N. L. (2019). Perceived impact of caregiver’s participation in diabetes education classes on implementation of self-care behaviors. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 59(4), S47–S51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2019.05.014
  22. Nawantara, R. D. (2018). Self instruction (potential counseling technique in school setting). International Conference on Islamic Guidance and Counseling, 1(1), 155-161. https://conference.uin-suka.ac.id/index.php/icigc/article/view/239
  23. Nuari, N. A. (2016). Development of self empowerment model and quality of life improvement for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Jurnal Ners Lentera, 4(2), 152–165
  24. Nuari, N. A. (2017). Self instructional training methods to reduce blood glucose levels type 2 diabetes mellitus. Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery), 4(1), 006–011. https://doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v4i1.art.p006-011
  25. Oktorina, R., Sitorus, R., & Sukmarini, L. (2019). Pengaruh edukasi kesehatan dengan self instructional module terhadap pengetahuan tentang diabetes mellitus [The effect of health education with self instructional module on konwledge about diabetes mellitus]. Jurnal Endurance: Kajian Ilmiah Problema Kesehatan, 4(1), 171–183. https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i1.2995
  26. Patel, P., Jain, P. K., & Ravindra, H. N. (2015). Effectiveness of Self Instructional Module (SIM) regarding multicomponent diabetic care among diabetic patients admitted in selected hospitals at Vadodara. International Journal of Nursing Education, 7(2), 207–2011. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-9357.2015.00081.1
  27. Rivera-Flores, G. W. (2015). Self-instructional cognitive training to reduce impulsive cognitive style in children with Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorder. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 13(1), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.35.13051
  28. Sharoni, S. K. A., Minhat, H. S., Zulkefli, N. A. M., & Baharom, A. (2016). Health education programmes to improve foot self-care practices and foot problems among older people with diabetes: A systematic review. International Journal of Older People Nursing, 11(3), 214-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12112
  29. Soelistijo, S. A., Novida, H. Rudijanto, A., Soewondo, P., Suastika, K., & Manaf, A. (2015). Konsensus pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Indonesia 2015 [Consensus on management and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia 2015]. PB PERKENI
  30. Toobert, D. J., Hampson, S. E., & Glasgow, R. E. (2000). The summary of diabetes self-care activities measure. Diabetes Care, 23(7), 943–950
  31. Zheng, Y., Ley, S. H., & Hu, F. B. (2017). Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 14(2), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2017.151

Last update:

  1. Determinant Factors of Diabetes Prevention Behavior in Students with Diabetes Mellitus Risk

    Yolanda Sri Bhunga, Arif Setyo Upoyo, Nuriya Nuriya. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 13 (3), 2023. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v13i3.47123

  2. Effect Evaluation of Comfort Nursing Materials Assisted Nursing for Patients with Advanced Malignant Tumor

    Mei Zhong, Lanying He, Min Chen, Zhongxiang Lu, Ruyu Li, Ling Li, Balakrishnan Nagaraj. Scanning, 2022 , 2022. doi: 10.1155/2022/4766252

  3. Foot Care among Diabetes Patients: A Concept Analysis

    Parliani Parliani, Somporn Rungreangkulkij, Khanitta Nuntaboot. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 13 (2), 2023. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v13i2.50722

Last update: 2024-04-23 05:34:54

No citation recorded.