Non-comorbid Respiratory Factor and Work of Breathing in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient: How is Their Synergistic Correlation with the Level of Care?

Defi Efendi; Maria Dyah Kurniasari; Mega Hasanul Huda; Raudha Ilmi Farid; Yohanes Andy Rias; Yogi Prawira; Nina Dwi Putri; Ayuni Rizka Utami; Titik Ambar Asmarini; Pande Lilik Lestari; Pricilia Mais; Abram Babakal

doi:10.14710/nmjn.v12i3.45340

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v12i3.45340

Non-comorbid Respiratory Factor and Work of Breathing in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient: How is Their Synergistic Correlation with the Level of Care?

*Defi Efendi

- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Maria Dyah Kurniasari

- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Indonesia

Mega Hasanul Huda - Institut Kesehatan Prima Nusantara Bukittinggi, Indonesia

Raudha Ilmi Farid - Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Universitas Indonesia Hospital, Indonesia

Yohanes Andy Rias - Faculty of Health and Medicine, Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Bhakti Wiyata Kediri, Indonesia

Yogi Prawira - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Nina Dwi Putri - Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Ayuni Rizka Utami

- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Titik Ambar Asmarini

- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

Pande Lilik Lestari - Sanglah National Hospital, Indonesia

Pricilia Mais - Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou National Hospital, Indonesia

Abram Babakal - Prof. dr. R. D. Kandou National Hospital, Indonesia

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{NMJN45340,
    author = {Defi Efendi and Maria Kurniasari and Mega Huda and Raudha Farid and Yohanes Rias and Yogi Prawira and Nina Putri and Ayuni Utami and Titik Asmarini and Pande Lestari and Pricilia Mais and Abram Babakal},
    title = {Non-comorbid Respiratory Factor and Work of Breathing in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient: How is Their Synergistic Correlation with the Level of Care?},
    journal = {Nurse Media Journal of Nursing},
  volume = {12},
    number = {3},
    year = {2022},
    keywords = {COVID-19; level-of-care; non-comorbid respiratory; pediatric intensive care unit; WOB},
    abstract = {  Background:  Work of breathing (WOB) and non-comorbidities factors in the respiratory system are the two probable findings in pediatric COVID-19 patients. However, the association of those factors with level of care was not well reported.   Purpose:  This study aimed to identify the relation between potential predictors including comorbidity, low nutritional fulfillment, infectious disease, shock, cough, O2 saturation reduction, abnormal blood gas analysis and sore throat with the level of care among pediatric COVID-19 patients. We also analyzed the synergistic correlation of non-comorbidities factors in the respiratory system and work of breathing to predict level of care in pediatric COVID-19 patients.   Methods:  A cross-sectional study was conducted in the six referral hospitals from July to September 2020 in four provinces in Indonesia. An observation checklist was used to collect data from the medical records of pediatric patients with COVID-19, including medical diagnosis, demographic, and clinical manifestation. This study included 423 participants aged from 0 to 18. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to test the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between WOB, non-comorbid respiratory, and level of care. Moreover, dummy variables (2x2) were made to analyze synergistic correlation of non-comorbid respiratory disease and WOB. The AOR with the 95% CIs was applied in the association between the complication of non-comorbid respiratory diseases and high work of breathing with level of care among pediatric patients with COVID-19.   Results:  Results showed that age, presence of comorbidity, nutritional fulfillment, infectious disease, shock, work of breathing, O2 saturation reduction, abnormal blood gas analysis, sore throat, and convulsive meningeal consciousness were significantly associated with the level of care ( p <0.05). Pediatric patients with non-comorbid respiratory and increased work of breathing had a 15.59 times higher risk of requiring PICU care level ( p <0.01). Meanwhile, pediatric patients who experienced both non-comorbid respiratory and increased work of breathing had a 5.76 times risk of requiring an intermediate level of care ( p <0.05), and 9.32 times higher risk of requiring a PICU level of care ( p <.05).  Conclusion:  It was found that both non-comorbid respiratory and increased WOB had a significant relationship with the level of care for pediatric patients with COVID-19. Nurse should take into account those clinical findings to increase the awareness in monitoring clinical deterioration in pediatric COVID-19 patients.},
   issn = {2406-8799},   pages = {390--403}  doi = {10.14710/nmjn.v12i3.45340},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/medianers/article/view/45340}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Background: Work of breathing (WOB) and non-comorbidities factors in the respiratory system are the two probable findings in pediatric COVID-19 patients. However, the association of those factors with level of care was not well reported.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relation between potential predictors including comorbidity, low nutritional fulfillment, infectious disease, shock, cough, O2 saturation reduction, abnormal blood gas analysis and sore throat with the level of care among pediatric COVID-19 patients. We also analyzed the synergistic correlation of non-comorbidities factors in the respiratory system and work of breathing to predict level of care in pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the six referral hospitals from July to September 2020 in four provinces in Indonesia. An observation checklist was used to collect data from the medical records of pediatric patients with COVID-19, including medical diagnosis, demographic, and clinical manifestation. This study included 423 participants aged from 0 to 18. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to test the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between WOB, non-comorbid respiratory, and level of care. Moreover, dummy variables (2x2) were made to analyze synergistic correlation of non-comorbid respiratory disease and WOB. The AOR with the 95% CIs was applied in the association between the complication of non-comorbid respiratory diseases and high work of breathing with level of care among pediatric patients with COVID-19.

Results: Results showed that age, presence of comorbidity, nutritional fulfillment, infectious disease, shock, work of breathing, O2 saturation reduction, abnormal blood gas analysis, sore throat, and convulsive meningeal consciousness were significantly associated with the level of care (p<0.05). Pediatric patients with non-comorbid respiratory and increased work of breathing had a 15.59 times higher risk of requiring PICU care level (p<0.01). Meanwhile, pediatric patients who experienced both non-comorbid respiratory and increased work of breathing had a 5.76 times risk of requiring an intermediate level of care (p<0.05), and 9.32 times higher risk of requiring a PICU level of care (p<.05).

Conclusion: It was found that both non-comorbid respiratory and increased WOB had a significant relationship with the level of care for pediatric patients with COVID-19. Nurse should take into account those clinical findings to increase the awareness in monitoring clinical deterioration in pediatric COVID-19 patients.

Fulltext View|Download

Keywords: COVID-19; level-of-care; non-comorbid respiratory; pediatric intensive care unit; WOB

Funding: Faculty of Nursing Universitas Indonesia under contract NKB/UN.2.F12.D/HKP.01.03/2020

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Articles

Language : EN

In Vol 12, No 3 (2022): (December 2022)

Recent articles

The Associated Factors of Quality of Life among Stroke Survivors: A Study in Indonesia Relationship between Nurses’ Attitudes and Satisfaction with Bedside Shift Reports and Patient Safety Culture Assessment of Entrepreneurial Leadership among Undergraduate Nursing Students: The Case from Thailand Editorial Front Matter Editorial Back Matter More recent articles

Most cited articles

Front Matter Self-Efficacy Affects Cancer Patients in Solving Problems, Seeking Support and Avoiding Problems as Coping Mechanisms Case Study: Evidence-Based Interventions Enhancing Diabetic Foot Care Behaviors among Hospitalized DM Patients Eating Behavior of Autistic Children Effect of Self-Efficacy Enhancing Education Program on Family Caregivers’ Competencies in Caring for Patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Yogyakarta, Indonesia More cited articles

Apigo, M., Schechtman, J., Dhliwayo, N., Al Tameemi, M., & Gazmuri, R. J. (2020). Development of a work of breathing scale and monitoring need of intubation in COVID-19 pneumonia. Critical Care, 24(1), 4–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03176-y
Bellino, S., Punzo, O., Rota, M. C., Del Manso, M., Urdiales, A. M., Andrianou, X., Fabiani, M., Boros, S., Vescio, F., Riccardo, F., Bella, A., Filia, A., Rezza, G., Villani, A., & Pezzotti, P. (2020). COVID-19 Disease severity risk factors for pediatric patients in Italy. Pediatrics, 146(4), e2020009399. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-009399
Buonsenso, D., Parri, N., De Rose, C., Valentini, P., & Gemelli-pediatric COVID-19 team (2021). Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID-19. The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 21(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30396-0
Cai, X., Ma, Y., Li, S., Chen, Y., Rong, Z., & Li, W. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 5 COVID-19 cases with non-respiratory symptoms as the first manifestation in children. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 8, 258. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2020.00258
Carlotti, P., Carvalho, A. P. de, Carvalho, D., Brunow, W., Johnston, Rodriguez, C., Souza, I., Delgado, & Figueiredo, A. (2020). COVID-19 diagnostic and management protocol for pediatric patients. Clinics, 75, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.6061/CLINICS/2020/E1894
CDC. (2020). Coronavirus disease. People with certain medical conditions. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html
Chang, T. H., Wu, J. L., & Chang, L. Y. (2020). Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 119(5), 982–989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.007
Chen, A. P. L., Chuang, C., Huang, Y. C., Wu, P. F., Huang, S. F., Cheng, N. C., Lin, Y. T., Chen, S. J., Huang, L. J., Lee, C. L., Chen, H. P., Chan, Y. J., & Wang, F. Der. (2021). The epidemiology and etiologies of respiratory tract infection in Northern Taiwan during the early phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection, 54(5), 801–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2021.05.006
Chen, Z. M., Fu, J. F., Shu, Q., Chen, Y. H., Hua, C. Z., Li, F. B., Lin, R., Tang, L. F., Wang, T. L., Wang, W., Wang, Y. S., Xu, W. Z., Yang, Z. H., Ye, S., Yuan, T. M., Zhang, C. M., & Zhang, Y. Y. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for pediatric respiratory infection caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus. World Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 240–246. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00345-5
Choi, S. H., Kim, H. W., Kang, J. M., Kim, D. H., & Cho, E. Y. (2020). Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 63(4), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00535
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
de Souza, T. H., Nadal, J. A., Nogueira, R. J. N., Pereira, R. M., & Brandão, M. B. (2020). Clinical manifestations of children with COVID-19: A systematic review. Pediatric Pulmonology, 55(8), 1892–1899. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppul.24885
Derespina, K. R., Kaushik, S., Plichta, A., Conway, E. E., Jr, Bercow, A., Choi, J., Eisenberg, R., Gillen, J., Sen, A. I., Hennigan, C. M., Zerihun, L. M., Doymaz, S., Keenaghan, M. A., Jarrin, S., Oulds, F., Gupta, M., Pierre, L., Grageda, M., Ushay, H. M., Nadkarni, V. M., … Medar, S. S. (2020). Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in New York City. The Journal of pediatrics, 226, 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.07.039
Dong, Y., Mo, X., Hu, Y., Qi, X., Jiang, F., & Jiang, Z. (2020). Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China. Pediatrics, 145(6), 1-10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0702
El Maniani, M., Rechchach, M., El Mahfoudi, A., El Moudane, M., & Sabbar, A. (2016). A Calorimetric investigation of the liquid bi-ni alloys. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 7(10), 3759–3766. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150541a003
Garland, A., Ashton-Cleary, D., & Sinclair, R. (2016). Inpatient illness severity surveys provide essential data for planning capacity and managing patient flow in the acute hospital setting. Journal of the Intensive Care Society, 17(3), 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1751143716628884
Girona-Alarcon, M., Bobillo-Perez, S., Sole-Ribalta, A., Hernandez, L., Guitart, C., Suarez, R., Balaguer, M., Cambra, F. J., & Jordan, I. (2021). The different manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children: a cohort study in an intensive care unit. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-05786-5
Götzinger, F., Santiago-García, B., Noguera-Julián, A., Lanaspa, M., Lancella, L., Calò Carducci, F. I., Gabrovska, N., Velizarova, S., Prunk, P., Osterman, V., Krivec, U., Lo Vecchio, A., Shingadia, D., Soriano-Arandes, A., Melendo, S., Lanari, M., Pierantoni, L., Wagner, N., L’Huillier, A. G., … Riordan, A. (2020). COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Europe: A multinational, multicentre cohort study. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(9), 653–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30177-2
Graff, K., Smith, C., Silveira, L., Jung, S., Curran-Hays, S., Jarjour, J., Carpenter, L., Pickard, K., Mattiucci, M., Fresia, J., McFarland, E. J., Dominguez, S. R., & Abuogi, L. (2021). Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 40(4), E137–E145. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003043
Gulbech Ording, A., & Toft Sørensen, H. (2013). Concepts of comorbidities, multiple morbidities, complications, and their clinical epidemiologic analogs. Clinical Epidemiology, 5(1), 199–203. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S45305
Gupta, S., Angurana, S. K., & Kumar, V. (2021). Respiratory Care in Children with COVID-19. Journal of Pediatric Intensive Care. 10(4), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1723036
Hoang, Ansel & Chorath, Kevin & Moreira, Axel & Evans, Mary & Burmeister-Morton, Finn & Burmeister Mccracken, Fiona & Naqvi, Rija & Petershack, Matthew & Moreira, Alvaro. (2020). COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review. E-Clinical Medicine. 24. 100433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100433
Hong, H., Wang, Y., Chung, H., & Chen, C. (2020). Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns , infants and children. Pediatrics and Neonatology, 61(2), 131–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.03.001
Hopman, J., Allegranzi, B., & Mehtar, S. (2020). Managing COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries _ Enhanced Reader.pdf. JAMA. 323(16), 1549–1550
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., … Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Jain, S., Sen, S., Lakshmivenkateshiah, S., Bobhate, P., Venkatesh, S., Udani, S., Shobhavat, L., Andankar, P., Karande, T., & Kulkarni, S. (2020). Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19 in Mumbai, India. Indian Pediatrics, 57, 1015–1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2021.05.076
Knol, M. J., Tweel, I. Van Der, Grobbee, D. E., & Numans, M. E. (2007). Estimating interaction on an additive scale between continuous determinants in a logistic regression model. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36, 1111–1118. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dym157
Kouame, J. B. (2010). Using readability tests to improve the accuracy of evaluation documents intended for low-literate participants. Journal of MultiDisciplinary Evaluation, 6(14), 132–139. http://journals.sfu.ca/jmde/index.php/jmde_1/article/viewFile/280/283
Kurniasari, M. D., Karwur, F. F., Rayanti, R. E., Dharmana, E., Rias, Y. A., Chou, K. R., & Tsai, H.-T. (2021). Second-hand smoke and its synergistic effect with a body-mass index of >24.9 kg/m2 increase the risk of gout arthritis in Indonesia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4324. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084324
Lee, J. H., Rehder, K. J., Williford, L., Cheifetz, I. M., & Turner, D. A. (2013). Use of high flow nasal cannula in critically ill infants, children, and adults: A critical review of the literature. Intensive Care Medicine, 39(2), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-012-2743-5
Marin, B.G., Aghagoli, G., Lavine, K., Yang, L., Siff, E. J., Chiang, S. S., Salazar-Mather, T. P., Dumenco, L., Savaria, M. C., Aung, S. N., Flanigan, T., & Michelow, I. C. (2021). Predictors of COVID-19 severity: A literature review. Reviews in Medical Virology, 31(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmv.2146
Mostafa, A. S., Abdalbaky, A., Fouda, E. M., Shaaban, H. H., Elnady, H. G., Hassab-Allah, M., Rashad, M. M., El Attar, M. M., Alfishawy, M., Hussien, S. M., Hamed, T., Hamed, D. H., & Sarhan, D. T. (2020). Practical approach to COVID-19: An Egyptian pediatric consensus. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette, 68(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43054-020-00037-9
Muñoz, I. C., Hernández, A. M., & Mañanas, M. Á. (2019). Estimation of work of breathing from respiratory muscle activity in spontaneous ventilation: A pilot study. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 9(10), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9102007
Pathak, E. B., Salemi, J. L., Sobers, N., Menard, J., & Hambleton, I. R. (2020). Covid-19 in children in the united states: Intensive care admissions, estimated total infected, and projected numbers of severe pediatric cases in 2020. Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 26(4), 325–333. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001190
Prata-Barbosa, A., Lima-Setta, F., Santos, G. R. dos, Lanziotti, V. S., de Castro, R. E. V., de Souza, D. C., Raymundo, C. E., de Oliveira, F. R. C., de Lima, L. F. P., Tonial, C. T., Colleti, J., Bellinat, A. P. N., Lorenzo, V. B., Zeitel, R. de S., Pulcheri, L., Costa, F. C. M. da, La Torre, F. P. F., Figueiredo, E. A. das N., Silva, T. P. da, … de Magalhães-Barbosa, M. C. (2020). Pediatric patients with COVID-19 admitted to intensive care units in Brazil: a prospective multicenter study. Jornal de Pediatria, 96(5), 582–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2020.07.002
Roser, M., Ritchie, H., Ortiz-Ospina, E., & Hasell, J. (2020). Coronavirus (COVID-19) cases - statistics and research - our world in data. In our world in data (Vol. 2020, pp. 1–42)
Sankar, J., Dhochak, N. S., Kabra, S. ., & Lodha, R. (2020). COVID-19 in children: Clinical approach and management-correspondence. Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 87(11), 970–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03374-0
Sanyaolu, A., Okorie, C., Marinkovic, A., Patidar, R., Younis, K., Desai, P., Hosein, Z., Padda, I., Mangat, J., & Altaf, M. (2020). Comorbidity and its impact on patients with COVID-19. Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 2(8), 1069–1076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00363-4
Shekerdemian, L. S., Mahmood, N. R., Wolfe, K. K., Riggs, B. J., Ross, C. E., McKiernan, C. A., Heidemann, S. M., Kleinman, L. C., Sen, A. I., Hall, M. W., Priestley, M. A., McGuire, J. K., Boukas, K., Sharron, M. P., & Burns, J. P. (2020). Characteristics and outcomes of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection admitted to US and Canadian pediatric intensive care units. JAMA Pediatrics, 174(9), 868–873. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1948
Soltani, J., Sedighi, I., Shalchi, Z., Sami, G., Moradveisi, B., & Nahidi, S. (2020). Pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): An insight from west of Iran. Northern Clinics of Istanbul, 7(3), 284–291. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2020.90277
Sun, M., Xu, G., Yang, Y., Tao, Y., Pian-Smith, M., Madhavan, V., Xie, Z., & Zhang, J. (2020). Evidence of mother-to-newborn infection with COVID-19. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 125(2), e245–e247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.066
Swann, O. V., Holden, K. A., Turtle, L., Pollock, L., Fairfield, C. J., Drake, T. M., Seth, S., Egan, C., Hardwick, H. E., Halpin, S., Girvan, M., Donohue, C., Pritchard, M., Patel, L. B., Ladhani, S., Sigfrid, L., Sinha, I. P., Olliaro, P. L., Nguyen-Van-Tam, J. S., … Semple, M. G. (2020). Clinical characteristics of children and young people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in United Kingdom: Prospective multicentre observational cohort study. The BMJ, 370(M3249). 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m3249
Talarico, V., Nicoletti, A., Sabetta, L., Minchella, P., & Raiola, G. (2020). Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-ncov) in acentral area of Calabria region. Acta Biomedica, 91(2), 232–233. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i2.9550
Task Force for the Acceleration of Handling COVID-19. (2020). COVID-19 infographic (26 October 2020). https://covid19.go.id/id/peta-sebaran
The National Health and Health Commission of, & China, P. R. of. (2020). Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (draft version 5). http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s76%0A53p/202002/3b09b894ac9b4204a79db5b89%0A12d4440.shtml
Tsankov, B. K., Allaire, J. M., Irvine, M. A., Lopez, A. A., Sauvé, L. J., Vallance, B. A., & Jacobson, K. (2021). Severe COVID-19 infection and pediatric comorbidities: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 103, 246–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.11.163
Tulaimat, A., Gueret, R. M., Wisniewski, M. F., & Samuel, J. (2014). Association between rating of respiratory distress and vital signs, severity of Illness, intubation, and mortality in acutely 111 subjects. Respiratory Care, 59(9), 1338–1344. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.02650
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020a). Public health surveillance for COVID-19. Interim guidance. 7 August 2020 (Issue August, pp. 1–10). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-326-4_13
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020b). WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. (2020). Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(5), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
Zhang, N., Deng, Y., Li, W., Liu, J., Li, H., Liu, E., & Zheng, X. (2020). Analysis and suggestions for the preview and triage screening of children with suspected COVID-19 outside the epidemic area of Hubei Province. Translational Pediatrics, 9(2), 126–132. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp.2020.03.08
Zhou, Y., He, Y., Yang, H., Yu, H., Wang, T., Chen, Z., Id, R. Y., & Liang, Z. (2020). Development and validation a nomogram for predicting the risk of severe COVID- 19 : A multi-center study in Sichuan , China. PloS One, 863, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233328
Zimmermann, P., & Curtis, N. (2020). Coronavirus infections in children including COVID-19. An overview of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention options in children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 39(5), 355–368. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000002660

Last update:

Perception of COVID-19 Vaccination Based on Health Belief Model and the Acceptance of COVID-19 Booster Vaccination
Risma Arlyani Dewi, Jon Hafan Sutawardana, Ana Nistiandani. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 13 (1), 2023. doi: 10.14710/nmjn.v13i1.47694

Last update: 2025-04-17 02:55:39

No citation recorded.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Journal Author(s) Rights

In order for the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro to publish and disseminate research articles, we need non-exclusive publishing rights (transferred from the author(s) to the publisher). This is determined by a publishing agreement between the author(s) and the Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro. This agreement involves the transfer or licensing of the copyright for publishing to the publisher, while authors still retain significant rights to use and share their own published articles. The Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro supports the need for authors to share, disseminate, and maximize the impact of their research through these rights in any databases.

As the author(s), you have rights to a wide range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institution or company. These author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission. Authors publishing in the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing have extensive rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including:

use for classroom teaching by the author or the author’s institution and presentation at a meeting or conference, including distributing copies to attendees;
use for internal training by the author’s company;
distribution to colleagues for their research use;
use in a subsequent compilation of the author’s works;
inclusion in a thesis or dissertation;
reuse of portions or extracts from the article in other works (with full acknowledgment of the final article);
preparation of derivative works (other than for commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgment of the final article);
voluntary posting on open websites operated by the author or the author’s institution for scholarly purposes;

following the open access license of the Creative Commons CC BY-SA License.

Authors, readers, and third parties can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (including the name of the creator and attribution parties, detailed information about the authors, a copyright notice, an open access license notice, a disclaimer notice, and a link to the material), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. The publisher will indicate any modification of the material (if any) and retain an indication of previous modifications using a CrossMark Policy and information about Erratum-Corrigendum notifications.

Authors, readers, and third parties can read, print, and download, redistribute or republish the article (e.g., display it in a repository), translate the article, download it for text and data mining purposes, reuse portions or extracts from the article in other works, sell or reuse it for commercial purposes, remix, transform, or build upon the material. They must distribute their contributions under the same license as the original Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA).

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

The Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, non-exclusive right for publishing (publishing right) of the article shall be assigned/transferred to Publisher of the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing (Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro).

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP)'. An e-mail will be sent to the Corresponding Author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing' form by online version of this agreement.

Nurse Media Journal of Nursing and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, the Editors and the Editorial Board make every effort to ensure that no wrong or misleading data, opinions or statements be published in the journal. In any way, the contents of the articles and advertisements published in the Nurse Media Journal of Nursing are sole and exclusive responsibility of their respective authors and advertisers.

Please note that even though we ask for a transfer of copyright for publishing (CTAP), our journal Author(s) retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights as mentioned before.

The Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form can be downloaded here: [Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (CTAP) Form NMJN 2024]

The copyright form should be signed electronically and send to the Editorial Office in the form of original e-mail below:

Dr. Meira Erawati (Editor-in-Chief)
Editorial Office of Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia 50275
Telp.: +62-24-76480919; Fax.: +62-24-76486849
E-mail: media_ners@live.undip.ac.id

(This policy statements has been updated at 24th January 2024)

Non-comorbid Respiratory Factor and Work of Breathing in Pediatric COVID-19 Patient: How is Their Synergistic Correlation with the Level of Care?

Journal Author(s) Rights

Copyright Transfer Agreement for Publishing (Publishing Right)

OFFICE INFORMATION