skip to main content

Socio-Demographic and Clinical Profiles Associated with Sodium Consumption Behaviors in Patients with Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Study in Myanmar

Kay Thi Hlaing orcid  -  Master of Nursing Science Program (International Program), Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand
*Aurawamon Sriyuktasuth  -  Department of Medical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand
Warunee Phligbua  -  Department of Medical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mahidol University, Thailand
Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 by the Authors, Published by Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Background: Sodium consumption behaviors (SCB) play a significant role in the development of kidney failure and associated comorbidities in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the widespread harmful effects of excessive salt consumption, factors influencing SCB in patients with non-dialysis CKD are still little known in Myanmar. No previous study was carried out among Myanmar populations with non-dialysis CKD.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the association between socio-demographic and clinical profiles and SCB in patients with non-dialysis CKD in Myanmar.

Methods: Cross-sectional data of 123 patients with non-dialysis CKD, gathered from a tertiary hospital-based study in Myanmar, were analyzed. Non-dialysis CKD patients who had been diagnosed with CKD for more than 3 months were recruited via convenience sampling. Data were collected using demographic and clinical characteristics data form, and Sodium Consumption Behaviors Questionnaire (SCBQ). Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis.

Results: The mean score of SCB was 31.5 (SD=5.1), indicating quite good behaviors. Participants who had high education (b= -.233, p= .006) and old age (b= -.169, p= .048) were more likely to have good SCB, whereas participants who took antihypertensive medication (b= .304, p= .001) and had comorbidities (b= .232, p= .006) were more likely to have poor SCB.

Conclusion: The participants in this study displayed quite favorable SCB. Educational level, age, taking antihypertensive medication, and comorbidity significantly contributed to SCB. Hence, nurses and other healthcare providers should screen patients with these characteristics and provide health education to promote good SCB and prevent the progression of CKD in non-dialysis CKD patients in Myanmar.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; Myanmar; non-dialysis; sodium consumption behaviors

Article Metrics:

  1. Akbarpour, S., Khalili, D., Zeraati, H., Mansournia, M. A., Ramezankhani, A., & Fotouhi, A. (2018). Healthy lifestyle behaviors and control of hypertension among adult hypertensive patients. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 8508. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26823-5
  2. Alexander, S., Jasuja, S., Gallieni, M., Sahay, M., Rana, D. S., Jha, V., Verma, S., Ramachandran, R., Bhargava, V., Sagar, G., Bahl, A., Mostafi, M., Pisharam, J. K., Tang, S. C. W., Jacob, C., Gunawan, A., Leong, G. B., Thwin, K. T., Agrawal, R. K., … & Vachharajani, T. (2021). Impact of national economy and policies on end-stage kidney care in South Asia and Southeast Asia. International Journal of Nephrology, 2021, 6665901. http://doi.org/10.115 5/2021/6665901
  3. Ameh, O. I., Ekrikpo, U., Bello, A., & Okpechi, I. (2020). Current management strategies of chronic kidney disease in resource-limited countries. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, 13, 239–251. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJNRD. S242235
  4. Aparna, P., Salve, H., Krishnan, A., Lakshmy, R., Gupta, S., & Nongkynrih, B. (2021). Methods of dietary sodium estimation. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities, 12(4), 183-187. http s://doi.org/10.4103/injms.injms_97_21
  5. Aziz, N. S. A., Ambak, R. Othman, F., He, F. J., Yusof, M., Paiwai, F., Ghaffar, S. A., Yusof, M. F. M., Cheong, S. M., MacGregor, G., & Aris, T. (2021). Risk factors related with high sodium intake among Malaysian adults: Findings from the Malaysian community salt survey (MyCoSS) 2017-2018. Journal of Health, 40(1), 14. http://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-021-00 233-2
  6. Bello, A. K., Alrukhaimi, M., Ashuntantang, G. E., Basnet, S., Rotter, R. C., Douthat, W. G., Kazancioglu, R., Köttgen, A., Nangaku, M., Powe, N. R., White, S. L., Wheeler, D. C., & Moe, O. (2017). Complications of chronic kidney disease: Current state, knowledge gaps, and strategy for action. Kidney International Supplements, 7(2), 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.kisu.2017.07.007
  7. Braun, M. M., & Khayat, M. (2021). Kidney disease: End-stage renal disease. Family Physician Essentials, 509, 26–32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34643362/
  8. Brouillard, A. M., Kraja, A. T., & Rich, M. W. (2019). Trends in dietary sodium intake in the United States and the impact of USDA guidelines: NHANES 1999-2016. The American Journal of Medicine, 132(10), 1199–1206.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.a mjmed.2019.04.040
  9. Burnier, M., Paccaud, F. M., & Bochud, M. (2020). Clinical profiles and factors associated with a low sodium intake in the population: An analysis of the Swiss survey on salt. Nutrients, 12(11), 3591. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113591
  10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Chronic kidney disease in the United States. US Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.g ov/kidneydisease/publications-resources/ckd-national-facts.html
  11. Chailimpamontree, W., Kantachuvesiri, S., Aekplakorn, W., Lappichetpaiboon, R., Thonkanit, N. S., Vathesatogkit, P., Kunjang, A., Boonyagarn, N., Sukhonthachit, P., Chuaykarn, N., Sonkhammee, P., Khunsaard, P., Nuntapanich, P., Charoenbut, P., Thongchai, C., Uttarachai, A., Kwankhoom, W., Rattanakanahutanon, F., Ruangchai, K., Yanti, N., Sasang, N., Bunluesin, S., & Garg, R. (2020). Estimated dietary sodium intake in Thailand: A nationwide population survey with 24-hour urine collections. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 23, pp.744-754. http://doi.org/10.111/jch.14147
  12. Chan, C. T., Blankestijn, P. J., Dember, L. M., Gallieni, M., Harris, D. C. H., Lok, C. E., Mehrotra, R., Stevens, P. E., Wang, A. Y.-M., Cheung, M., Wheeler, D. C., Winkelmayer, W. C., Pollock, C. A., Abu-Alfa, A. K., Bargman, J. M., Bleyer, A. J., Brown, E. A., Davenport, A., Davies, S. J., … & Zakha rova, E. (2019). Dialysis initiation, modality choice, access, and prescription: Conclusions from a kidney disease improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney International, 96 (1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.017
  13. Cho, H., Kim, S. M., Jeong, S. S., & Kim, S. B. (2016). Comparison of salt taste thresholds and salt usage behaviors between adults in Myanmar and Korea. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 25(4), 879–884. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.092015.32
  14. Cockwell, P., & Fisher, L. A. (2020). The global burden of chronic kidney disease. The Lancet, 395(10225), 662–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32977-0
  15. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
  16. Delia, L., Brajovic, M., Klisic, A., Breda, J., Jewell, J., Cadjenovic, V., & Cappuccio, F. P. (2019). Sodium and potassium intake, knowledge attitudes and behaviors towards salt consumption amongst adults in Podgorica, Montenegro. Nutrients, 11(1), 160. http://doi.org/10.3390/nu 11010160
  17. Hong, J. W., Noh, J. H., & Kim, D. J. (2016). Factors associated with high sodium intake based on estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion: The 2009-2011 Korea national health and nutrition examination survey. Medicine, 95(9), e2864. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000 000000002864
  18. Jessen, N., Santos, A., Damasceno, A., Silva-Matos, C., Severo, M., Padrao, P., & Lunet, N. (2018). Knowledge and behaviors regarding salt intake in Mozambique, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72, 1690-1699. http://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0125 -y
  19. Johnson, C., Santos, J. A., Sparks, E., Raj, T. S., Mohan, S., Garg, V., Rogers, K., Maulik, P. K., Prabhakaran, D., Neal, B., & Webster, J. (2019). Sources of dietary salt in north and south India estimated from 24-hour dietary recall. Nutrients, 11(2), 318. https://doi.org/10.339 0/nu11020318
  20. Kaesler, N., Baid-Agrawal, S., Grams, S., Nadal, J., Schmid, M., Schneider, M. P., Eckardt, K.-U., Floege, J., Bergmann, M. M., Schlieper, G., & Saritas, T. (2021). Low adherence to CKD-specific dietary recommendations associates with impaired kidney function, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75 (9), 1389–1397. https://doi.o rg/10.1038/s41430-020-00849-3
  21. Kaze, A. D., Ilori, T., Jaar, B. G., & Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B. (2018). Burden of chronic kidney disease on the African continent: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Biomedical Central Nephrology, 19, 125(2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-018-0930-5
  22. Kelly, J. T., Su, G., Zhang, L., Qin, X., Marshall, S., González-Ortiz, A., Clase, C. M., Campbell, K. L., Xu, H., & Carrero, J. J. (2021). Modifiable lifestyle factors for primary prevention of CKD: A systematic review and meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 32(1), 239-253. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.202003 0384
  23. Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. (2013). KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International Supplements 3(1), 1-150. http://doi: 10.1038/kisup.2012.77
  24. Ko, J., Kim, K. B., Timmerman, G. M., Clark, A. P., & Kim, M. (2018). Factors predicting sodium intake of Korean Americans with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(3), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-017-0602-8
  25. Lin, Y., Mei, Q., Qian, X., & He, T. (2020). Salt consumption and the risk of chronic diseases among Chinese adults in Ningbo city. Nutrition Journal, 19(9). http://doi.org/10.1186/s12 937-020-0521-8
  26. Mestral, C. D., Mayén, A. L., Petrovic, D., Marques-Vidal, P., Bochud, M., & Stringhini, S. (2017). Socioeconomic determinants of sodium intake in adult populations of high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 107(4), e1–e12. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303629
  27. Meuleman, Y., Hoekstra, T., Dekker, F. W., Van Der Boog, P. J. M., & Van Dijk, S. (2018). Perceived sodium reduction barriers among patients with chronic kidney disease: Which barriers are important and which patients experience barriers? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 25(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-017 -9668-x
  28. Mon, E. S., Sriyuktasuth, A., & Phligbua, W. (2022). Blood pressure control and its determinants among patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease in Myanmar. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 12(1), 1-12. http://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v1211.42 659
  29. Nerbass, F., Silva, V., C., & Filho, R., P. (2018). Sodium intake and blood pressure in patients with chronic kidney disease: A salty relationship. Blood Purification, 45, 166-172. http://doi: 10.1159/000485154
  30. Neupane, D., Rijal, A., Henry, M. E., Kallestrup, P., Koirala, B., Mclachlan, C. S., Ghimire, K., Zhao, D., Sharma, S., Pokharel, Y., Joseph, K., Olsen, M. H., Schutte, A. E., & Appel, L. J. (2020). Mean dietary salt intake in Nepal: A population survey with 24‐hour urine collections. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 22(2), 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13813
  31. Niyomchit, C., Aekwarangkoon, S., Noonil, N., & Jantasuwan, R. (2019). Relationship between sodium consumption behavior and kidney function in diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease. Journal of Nursing, 39(3), 103-114. https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/in dex.php/nur-psu/article/view/218962
  32. Petersen, K. S., Malta, D., Rae, S., Dash, S., Webster, J., McLean, R., Thout, S. R., Campbell, N. R. C., & Arcand, J. (2020). Further evidence that methods based on spot urine samples should not be used to examine sodium-disease relationships from the science of salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 22(10), e13958. https://doi.org /10.1111/jch.13958
  33. Piaseu, N., Boonsiri, C., Panichkul, K., Maruo, S. J., Putwatana, P., & Kantachuvesiri, S. (2020). Effects of program promoting food consumption for sodium reduction on knowledge, sodium consumption behaviors, and urinary sodium in nursing students: A multi-setting study. Bangkok Medical Journal, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.31524 /bkkmedj.2020.11.009
  34. Reyhani, P., Azabdaftari, F., Ebrahimi-Mamagani, M., Asghari-Jafarabdi, M & Shokrvash, B. (2020). The predictors of high dietary salt intake among hypertensive patients in Iran. International Journal of Hypertension, ID6748696. http://doi.org/10.1155/2020/674 869 6
  35. Saah, F. I., Amu, H., Seidu, A., & Bain, L. E. (2021). Health knowledge and care seeking behavior in resource-limited settings amidst the covid-19 pandemic: A qualitative study in Ghana. Public Library of Science, 16(5), e0250940. http://doi.org/10.1371/jo urnal.pone.0250940
  36. Santin, F., Canella, D. S., Avesani, C. M. (2018). Food consumption in chronic kidney disease: Association with sociodemographic and geographical variables and comparison with healthy individuals. Journal of Renal Nutrition, 29(4), 333-342. http://doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2018.1 0.010
  37. Singh, M., & Krause, M. W. (2021). BMJ Best Practice: Chronic kidney disease follow up, p.59-60. BMJ Publishing group
  38. Smith, J. L., Lennie, T. A., Chung, M. L. & Mudd-Martin, G. (2019). Dietary sodium intake is predicted by anti-hypertensive medication regimen in patients with heart failure. Journal Cardiovascular Nursing, 34(4), 313-318. http://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000 570
  39. Welsh, C. E., Welsh, P., Jhund, P., Delles, C., Celis-Morales, C., Lwesey, J. D., Grey, S., Lyall, D., Iliodromiti, S., Gill, J. M. R., Sattar, N. & Mark, P. B. (2019). Urinary sodium excretion, blood pressure and risk of future cardiovascular disease and mortality in subject without prior cardiovascular disease. Journal of Hypertension, 73, 1202-1209. https://doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12726
  40. Wicaksana, A. L., Yen, M., Wang, S. T., & Fetzer, S. J. (2021). Determinants of high-sodium food intake among Indonesian patients with hypertension. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 36(6), 582–588. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000743
  41. World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). WHO Myanmar newsletter, 63(17), 1-4. https: //cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/searo/Myanmar/newsletter-issue-63-v0ol-17_ 6ab56098-bb9b-4448-a3eb-56dfe53c8a7d.pdf?sfvrsn=45 457814-2

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-05-21 23:06:57

No citation recorded.