DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/mkmi.21.6.424-432

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kebiasaan Makan dan Aktivitas Fisik Remaja selama Transisi Pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Denpasar

1Departemen Promosi Kesehatan, Politeknik Kesehatan Kartini Bali, Indonesia

2Center for Public Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia

Received: 12 Oct 2022; Revised: 2 Nov 2022; Accepted: 17 Nov 2022; Available online: 1 Dec 2022; Published: 7 Dec 2022.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 MEDIA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Usia remaja mengalami banyak pekembangan terutama pada preferensi makanan, kebiasaan makanan termasuk aktivitas fisik yang dapat berubah dalam berbagai kondisi termasuk saat transisi pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebiasaan makan serta aktivitas fisik remaja sekolah selama transisi pandemi COVID-19 serta mengukur hubungan antara metode belajar di sekolah dan karakteristik sosiodemografi remaja dengan kebiasaan makan dan aktivitas fisik.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional yang dilakukan di Kota Denpasar dengan sampel sebanyak 120 remaja usia 10-21 tahun. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner yang berisi pertanyaan mengenai kebiasaan makan yang diadopsi dari kuesioner Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) dan pertanyaan mengenai aktivitas fisik yang diadopsi dari kuesioner PAL (Physical Activity Level).
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan makan pada remaja antara lain adalah umur (OR=7,57; p<0,05), jenis kelamin (OR=0,39; p<0,05), pendapatan orang tua (OR= 1,83; p<0,05) dan metode belajar disekolah (OR=2,71; p<0,05), sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi aktivitas fisik pada remaja antara lain adalah jenis kelamin (OR=5,2 ; p<0,05), pendapatan orang tua (OR=5,5; p<0,05) dan metode belajar di sekolah (OR=0,9; p<0,05). Dari sebaran status gizi responden diketahui responden dengan status gizi underweight (berat badan kurang) memiliki persentase cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 42,50%, diikuti dengan status gizi overweight (kelebihan berat badan dengan risiko) sebesar 8,33% dan Obesitas II sebanyak 3,33%. Lebih lanjut analisis dengan skoring AFHC diketahui bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki kebiasaan makan yang buruk (60%) serta lebih banyak melakukan aktivitas fisik yang pasif seperti seperti tidur-tiduran, duduk, mengetik/menulis maupun aktivitas pasif lainnya.
Simpulan: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kebiasaan makan pada remaja antara lain umur, jenis kelamin, pendapatan orangtua, dan metode belajar di sekolah sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi aktivitas fisik pada remaja antara lain jenis kelamin, pendapatan orangtua, dan metode belajar di sekolah.

Kata kunci: pandemi COVID-19, kebiasaan makan, aktivitas fisik, status gizi remaja


ABSTRACT
Title: Factors Affecting Adolescent Eating Habits and Physical Activity during the Covid-19 Pandemic Transition in the City of Denpasar

Background: Adolescents experience many developments, especially in food preferences, food habits including physical activity which can change under various conditions, including during the transition to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the eating habits and physical activity of school adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic transition and to measure the relationship between learning methods at school and the sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents with eating habits and physical activity.
Method: This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional research design conducted in Denpasar with a sample of 120 adolescents aged 10-21 years. The research instrument used a questionnaire containing questions about eating habits adopted from the Adolescent Food Habits Checklist (AFHC) questionnaire and questions about physical activity adopted from the PAL (Physical Activity Level) questionnaire.
Result: The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence eating habits in adolescents include age (OR=7.57; p<0.05), gender (OR=0.39; p<0.05), parental income (OR = 1.83; p<0.05) and learning methods at school (OR=2.71; p<0.05), while the factors that influence physical activity in adolescents include gender (OR=5.2; p <0.05), parents' income (OR=5.5; p<0.05) and learning methods at school (OR=0.9; p<0.05). From the distribution of the nutritional status of respondents, it is known that respondents with underweight nutritional status (underweight) have a fairly high percentage of 42.50%, followed by overweight nutritional status (overweight with risk) of 8.33% and Obesity II as much as 3. 33%. Further analysis with AFHC scoring revealed that most respondents have bad eating habits (60%) and do more passive physical activities such as sleeping, sitting, typing/writing or other passive activities.
Conclusion: Factors that influence eating habit in adolescents include age, gender, parental income, and learning method at school; while factors that influence physical activity in adolescents include gender, parental income, and learning method at school.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; food habit; physical activity; adolescents nutrition status

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Keywords: pandemi COVID-19; kebiasaan makan; aktivitas fisik; status gizi remaja

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