skip to main content

Inscribed versus Invoked Attitudes: Appraisal Among Indonesian Teenagers in English Captions on Instagram

1Prodi S3 Ilmu-Ilmu Humaniora, FIB, Universitas Gadjah Mada,, Indonesia

2Prodi S3 Ilmu-Ilmu Humaniora FIB, Universitas Gadjah Mada,, Indonesia

3Prodi S3 Ilmu-ilmu Humaniora, FIB, Universitas Gadjah Mada,, Indonesia

Received: 15 Feb 2022; Published: 11 Nov 2022.
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0.

Citation Format:
Abstract

On Instagram, Teenagers’ captions in English do not always describe the picture but symbolically express their feelings to their friends as a whole.  In this case, English captions enhance status and authority and reveal the attitudinal evaluation related to feelings and values. This paper aims to discuss the self-presentation between Indonesian female and male teenagers on their emotional, critical and evaluative stance reflecting on English captions on Instagram when the captions talk about friends and their relationship. Appraisal theory proposed by Martin and White to reveal the attitudinal evaluation is applied in this study. From 500 English captions, 90 captions deal with 155 appraising items about friends. They are 112 female appraised items and 43 male appraised items. Caption's screenshots are used to collect the data. The invoked attitude data are coded by examining posted photos.  The result of the research is (1) male and female teenagers prefer to express their attitude by using inscribed attitude rather than invoked attitude, (2) male teenagers expresses moreattitude through Affect, while female teenagers express more through Judgment, (3) negative appraisal is to used to emphasize the positive values  in the form of a counter concession, for male teenagers to highlight togetherness, while for female teenagers are more focused on empathy, (4)  both female teenagers and male teenagers use negation to show a positive attitude related to judgment propriety (ethical Judgment).  Therefore, writing captions on Instagram provide an opportunity for male and female teenagers to express their attitudes as they imagine to show their strength without physically confronting the interlocutor.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: • appraisal theory, invoked attitudes, teenagers, Instagram, Affect, Judgment, Appreciation

Article Metrics:

  1. Benson, P., & Chik, A. (2010). New Literacies and Autonomy in Foreign Language Learning. In M. N. R.-M. and M. L. V. María José Luzón (Ed.), Digital Genres, New Literacies and Autonomy in Language Learning
  2. Bartley, L & Benitez-Castro, M. (2016). Evaluation and Attitude towards Homosexuality in the Irish Context: A Corpus-assisted Discourse Analysis of APPRAISAL Patterns in 2008 Newspaper Articles. Irish Journal of Applied Social Studies. Vol.16.(1) https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1280&context=ijass
  3. Bock, Z. (2007). A Discourse Analysis of Selected Truth and Reconciliation Commission Testimonies: Appraisal and Genre. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of the Western Cape
  4. Butt, D., Fahey, R., Feez, S., Spinks, S., & Yallop, C. (2000). Using Functional Grammar: An Explorer’s Guide. Edisi 2. National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University
  5. Cahyani, H., Tursini, U. dan Yannuar, N. (2020). Mixing and Switching in Social Media: Denoting the Indonesian “Keminggris” Language. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, www.ijicc.net vol 10(11), 2020, 133-150
  6. DeVito, J.A. 2013. The Interpersonal Communication Book (13rded). New York: Person Education
  7. Don, A (2016). It is hard to mesh all this: Invoking attitude, persona, and argument organization. Functional Linguistics. 3(9), 1-26
  8. Dong, A. (2006). How am I doing. The language of appraisal in design. JS Gero (ed), Design Computing and Cognition’06 © Springer, Dordrecht, pp 385- 404
  9. Drasovean, A. & Tagg, C. (2015). Evaluative language & its solidarity-building role on TED.com: An Appraisal and Corpus Analysis. Language@Internet. Vol.12. https://www.languageatinternet.org/articles/2015/drasovean
  10. Eckert. P., & McConnel-Ginnet, S.(1992). Think Practically and Look Locally: Language and Gender as Community-Based Practice. Annual Review of Anthropology. Vol. 21, 461-490
  11. Gee, J. P., Allen, A. R., & Clinton, K. (2001). Language, Class, and Identity: Teenagers Fashioning Themselves Through Language. Linguistics and Education, 12(2), 175–194
  12. Hadidi, Y., & Parvin, L.M. (2015). Systemic functional linguistics as interpersonal semantics: Appraisal and attitude in the stylistics analysis of an English novel. International Journal of Linguistics: Macrothink Institute, Vol 7(1)
  13. Hamdani, Z, (2016). Affect as Appraisal System on Social Media “Instagram”. Journal of English Education and Linguistics, Vol, 2(1), 62-66
  14. Handajani, S.,(2008).Western Inscription on Bodies: Representations of Adolescents in Indonesian Female Teen Magazines. Intersection' Gender and Sexually in Asia and the Pacific. Issue October 18th, 2008. From http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue18/handajani.htm
  15. Hassan, R.,& Perret, G.(1994). Learning to Function with the other Tongue: A Systemic Functional Perspective on Second Language Teaching. Terence Odlin (ed). Perspectives on Pedagogical Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 179-226
  16. Hearn, J. & Kimmel, M. S. (2006). Changing studies on men and masculinities. In K. Davis, E. Evans & J. Lorber (Eds.), Handbook of gender and women’s studies (pp. 53-71). London: Sage Publication
  17. Holmes, J. (1992). Women’s talk in public contexts. Discourse & Society, 3(2), 131–150. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42887783
  18. Isaac, A. (2012). Modelling voice as Appraisal and Involvement resources: the portrayal of textual identities and interpersonal relationships in the written stylistics analyses of non-native speaker, international undergraduates. Thesis of Doctor Philosophy, University of Canberra
  19. Kanno, Y., & Norton, B. (2003). Imagined Communities and Educational Possibilities: Introduction. Journal of Language Identity & Education, 2(4), 241–249
  20. Kirkham, S., & Moore, E, (2013). Adolescence. in book The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. 2nd Ed. Wiley
  21. Lakoff, R. (1973). Language and Woman’s Place. Language in Society, 2(1), 45-80
  22. Love, K, (2006). Appraisal in online discussions of literary texts. Text & Talk-An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language Discourse Communication Studies. 26(2):217-244
  23. Macken-Horarik, M ., & Isaac, A. (2014). Appraising Appraisal. In Evaluation in Context.from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290654448_Appraising_Appraisal[accessed Oct 13 2021]
  24. Markham, A. and Buchanan, E. (2012) Ethical decision-making and Internet research (version 2.0): Recommendations from the AoIR Ethics Working Committee. Association of Internet Researchers. ( http://www.aoir.org/reports/ethics2.pdf)
  25. Martin, J. R., & White, P . 2005.The Language of Evaluation--Appraisal in English.Hampshire/New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  26. Martínez, I. M. P. (2011). "I might, I might go, I mean it depends on money things and stuff" A preliminary analysis of general extenders in British teenagers' discourse. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(9), 2452–2470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2011.02.011
  27. Marwick, A., & Boyd, D.(2011). To See and Be Seen: Celebrity Practice on Twitter. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies.17(2), 139-158. From http://con.sagepub.com/content/17/2/139
  28. Megah S, S.I, Noorh, S.N.FM. (2018). Appraisal Analysis of Judgment of English Billboard Advertisements on Roads in Batam. Anglos-Saxon,Vol.9(2), 157-168
  29. Nur, A.M, & Hadi, A.S. (2016). Realisasi Appraisal dalam Aspek Attitude pada Media Online Instagram. Jurnal Sasindo Unpam, Vol.3(2), 16-25
  30. Olaleye, S.A, & Sanusi, I.T. (2017). The appraisal of Facebook online community: An exposition of mobile commerce in social media reviews. In 30th Bled eConference-Digital Transfotmastion-From Connecting Things to Transforming Our Lives
  31. Parker, L., & Nilan, P. 2013. Adolescent in Contemporary Indonesia. London: Routledge
  32. Pearson, J. (1985). Gender and communication. Dubuque: Company publisher
  33. Puspa, D. 2016. The Identity of Teenager Female in Indonesia Teenager Magazine Go Girl. Lantern. Vol.5, no 3
  34. Rothoni, A. (2017). The interplay of global forms of pop culture and media in teenagers’ ‘interest-driven’ everyday literacy practices with English in Greece. Linguistics and Education, 38, 92–103
  35. Sánchez-Moya, A., & Cruz-Moya, O. (2015). Whatsapp, Textese, and Moral Panics: Discourse Features and Habits Across Two Generations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 173, 300–306
  36. Shlezak, A. (2015). The Narrative Discourse in Facebook Electronic Communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 209(July), 476–483
  37. Smith-Hefner, N.J. 2007.Youth Language, GaulSociability, and the New Indonesian Middle Class. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 17(2), 184–203.doi: 10.1525/jlin.2007.17.2.184
  38. Suherman. (2008). Sistem Appraisal Berita Kriminal pada Harian Meteor dan Harian Suara Merdeka. Thesis of Magister Linguistik. Universitas Diponegoro
  39. Swaffar, J., & Arens, K. (2005). Remapping the foreign language Curriculum: An Approach through multiple literacy. New York: MLA
  40. Tagliamonte, S. A. (2016). Teen Talk : The Language of Adolescents. Cambridge University Press (First Edit). Cambridge University Press
  41. Tagliamonte, S. A., & Denis, D. (2008). Linguistic Ruin? Lol! Instant Messaging and Teen Language. American Speech, 83(1), 3–34. https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-2008-001
  42. Tiani, R. (2017). Judgment Sebagai Sistem Appraisal dalam Iklan Kecantikan Visual Media Cetak. Nusa, Vol.12(4), 256-264
  43. Udasmoro, W.(2017). Destabilizing Gender Norm in Contemporary Indonesian Discourses. Mozaik Humaniora. Vol. 17 (2):291-303
  44. Utaminingsih, T. (2017). Analisis Abreviasi Bahasa Slang pada Instagram Kalangan Remaja Indonesia. Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto
  45. White, P. (2011). Appraisal. In Discursive Pragmatics vol.8. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  46. Zhang, Jing.(2018). Developing Proximity of Possible disciplinary selves in narratives: An Alternative approach to explore the representation of individual in context. In Discourse Studies, 20(4), pp 544-562

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-12-07 15:00:16

No citation recorded.