Constructing Feminist Ideology in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia and Its English Translation: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Erna Megawati; Zuriyati Zuriyati; Ratna Dewanti; Merry Lapasau; Priarti Megawanti

doi:10.14710/parole.v15i2.89-102

DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/parole.v15i2.89-102

Constructing Feminist Ideology in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia and Its English Translation: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Erna Megawati¹

, Zuriyati Zuriyati², Ratna Dewanti³, Merry Lapasau¹

, Priarti Megawanti¹

¹Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, Indonesia

²Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

³Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Indonesia

Received: 12 Jan 2026; Revised: 1 Mar 2026; Accepted: 1 Mar 2026; Available online: 4 Mar 2026; Published: 4 Oct 2025.

BibTex Citation Data :

@article{PAROLE81519,
    author = {Erna Megawati and Zuriyati Zuriyati and Ratna Dewanti and Merry Lapasau and Priarti Megawanti},
    title = {Constructing Feminist Ideology in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia and Its English Translation: A Critical Discourse Analysis},
    journal = {PAROLE: Journal of Linguistics and Education},
  volume = {15},
    number = {2},
    year = {2025},
    keywords = {ideological devices, translation, literary art, feminism, critical discourse analysis},
    abstract = { Translation as an ideological activity encounters its challenges when translating literary works. The ideology recorded in the linguistic units of literary works becomes a challenge for translators to find equivalents in the TT. One of the ideologies contained in literary works is resistance to the marginalization of women, called feminist ideology. The research questions of this study are: (1) what are the ideological devices used in novel Bumi Manusia?: and (2) how the ideological devices translated into English? This study is a qualitative study using the inductive content analysis method of the Phillip Myring model. The data sources are taken from the Indonesian novel Bumi Manusia and its translated novel This Earth of Mankind. This study is an interdisciplinary study because it involves the disciplines of language and culture. This study uses the main concept of van Dijk. Data were collected through note-taking techniques. The research procedure conducted through credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability checking. The results of the study show that iideological devices are in the form of word choice and rhetorical construction and the majority of the ideological devices are not shifting when they are translated. This research can be used as a recommendation in teaching translation. },
   issn = {23380683},   pages = {89--102}  doi = {10.14710/parole.v15i2.89-102},
    url = {https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/parole/article/view/81519}
}

Citation Format:

Abstract

Translation as an ideological activity encounters its challenges when translating literary works. The ideology recorded in the linguistic units of literary works becomes a challenge for translators to find equivalents in the TT. One of the ideologies contained in literary works is resistance to the marginalization of women, called feminist ideology. The research questions of this study are: (1) what are the ideological devices used in novel Bumi Manusia?: and (2) how the ideological devices translated into English? This study is a qualitative study using the inductive content analysis method of the Phillip Myring model. The data sources are taken from the Indonesian novel Bumi Manusia and its translated novel This Earth of Mankind. This study is an interdisciplinary study because it involves the disciplines of language and culture. This study uses the main concept of van Dijk. Data were collected through note-taking techniques. The research procedure conducted through credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability checking. The results of the study show that iideological devices are in the form of word choice and rhetorical construction and the majority of the ideological devices are not shifting when they are translated. This research can be used as a recommendation in teaching translation.

Fulltext View|Download Email colleagues

Keywords: ideological devices, translation, literary art, feminism, critical discourse analysis

Article Metrics:

Article Info

Section: Research Article

Language : EN

In Vol 15, No 2 (2025): Volume 15 Number 2 October 2025

Most cited articles

Frontmatter Frontmatter Interruptions and Silences in Conversations: A Turn-Taking Analysis Interpersonal Metadiscourse pada Tagline Iklan Poster World Wildlife Fund (WWF) Back Cover More cited articles

Adamczyk, M. (2020). Unpacking the meaning of the DM now through its Polish translation equivalents. Journal of Pragmatics, 161, 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2020.01.012
Al-Matrafi, H. B. (2023). Image of Muslim/Arab Women on the Front Covers of Literary Works. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257369674
Ardianto, A. (2019). Translation of Addressing Terms in The Novel This Earth of Mankind. Deskripsi Bahasa, 2(2), 119–127. https://journal.ugm.ac.id/db/article/viewFile/55391/27456
Baker, M. (2011). In Other Words: A Coursebook on Translation (second). Routledge
Baran, S. J. (2006). Introduction to mass communication: Media literacy and culture. Introduction to Mass Communication: Media Literacy and Culture
Bishara, H. (2021). Spinsterization of Women or Spinster Women in the Arab Women’s Literature: An Imposed Reality or a Rejected Choice? Hayfā’ Bayṭār’s Novel, Nisā’ bi Aqfāl/Women in Locks1, as a Sample. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244220244
Calzada-Pérez, M. (2014). Apropos of ideology: translation studies on ideology-ideologies in translation studies. Routledge. http://lse2010.narod.ru/olderfiles/LSE2008pdf/LSE2008Leonardi.pdf
Chaal, H. (2019). Literary Translation Difficulties: Cultural Barriers. In Literary Translation from Translation to Creativity (pp. 130–143)
Christiani, L. C. (2015). Pembagian Kerja secara Seksual dan Peran Gender dalam Buku Pelajaran SD. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 4(1), 11–21. https://ejournal.undip.ac.id/index.php/interaksi/article/viewFile/9731/7799
Cunico, S., & Munday, J. (2007). Encounters and clashes: Introduction to translation and ideology. The Translator, 13(2), 141–149
Eriyanto. (2001). Analisis wacana: pengantar analisis teks media. LKiS Yogyakarta
Fang, Y. (2011). Ideology of Translation vs Translation of Ideology: A Study on the Notion ofldeology in Translation Studies. Comparative Literature: East & West, 14(1), 155–166. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/25723618.2011.12015554
Hardjoprawiro, K. (2006). Bahasa di dalam Terjemahan. UPT Penerbitan dan Percetakan UNS (UNS Press)
Harnois, C. E. (2012). Sociological research on feminism and the women’s movement: Ideology, identity, and practice. Sociology Compass, 6(10), 823–832
Hartono, R. (2014). Model Penerjemahan Novel Dari Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia. Diandra Pustaka Indonesia
Jean-Paul Vinay, & Darbelnet, J. (2013). Comparative Stylistcs of French and English. In Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (Vol. 53, Issue 9). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Kurnia, A. (2022). Seni Penerjemahan Sastra: Panduan, Gagasan, Dan Pengalaman. DIVA PRESS
Lefevere, A., & Bassnett, S. (1990). Introduction: Proust’s grandmother and the thousand and one nights: The ‘cultural turn’in translation studies. Translation, History and Culture, 1–13
Newmark, P. (1998). A Textbook of Translation
Prasetyani, N. Y. (2019). Kajian terjemahan pilihan kata, konstruksi retorika dan modalitas yang membangun ideologi pada buku How to win friends and influence people oleh Dale Carnegie. UNS (Sebelas Maret University)
Purwanti, S. E., & Mujiyanto, Y. (2019). The Ideology in The Indonesian-to-English Translation of Cultural Terms in Toer’s Bumi Manusia. Jurnal Cakrawala, 1(1), 6–11. http://ojs.pusbindiklat.lipi.go.id/ojs2/a006/index.php/cak/article/viewFile/6/4
Thompson, J. B. (1984). Studies in the Theory of Ideology. Univ of California Press
Tong, R. (2018). Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge
Van Dijk, T. A. (2002). Ideology: Political discourse and cognition. Politics as Text and Talk, 33–57
Van Dijk, T. A. (2005). Discourse analysis as ideology analysis. In Language & peace (pp. 41–58). Routledge
Venuti, L. (2017). The translator’s invisibility: A history of translation. Routledge. http://www.academia.edu/download/40500942/venuti.pdf
Yang, C. (2010). Translation of English and Chinese Addressing Terms from the Cultural Aspect. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 1(5). http://www.academypublication.com/issues/past/jltr/vol01/05/32.pdf
Yang, J., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Creative Transformation of Art Language and Women’s Revolutionary Spirit in the New Era. Highlights in Art and Design. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:255847112

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2026-03-04 10:05:29

No citation recorded.

As a journal Author, you have rights for a large range of uses of your article, including use by your employing institute or company. These Author rights can be exercised without the need to obtain specific permission.

Authors publishing in Parole: Journal of Linguistics and Education have wide rights to use their works for teaching and scholarly purposes without needing to seek permission, including: use for classroom teaching by Author or Author's institutionand presentation at a meeting or conference and distributing copies to attendees; use for internal training by author's company; distribution to colleagues for their reseearch use; use in a subsequent compilation of the author's works; inclusion in a thesis or dissertation; reuse of portions or extrcats from the article in other works (with full acknowledgement of final article); preparation of derivative works (other than commercial purposes) (with full acknowledgement of final article); voluntary posting on open web sites operated by author or author’s institution for scholarly purposes (follow CC by SA License).

Authors and readers can copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, as well as remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, but they must give appropriate credit (cite to the article or content), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Constructing Feminist Ideology in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Bumi Manusia and Its English Translation: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Editorial Office of Parole Journal of Linguistics and Education