DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v0i0.%25p

Life Cycle Assessment in Crude Palm Oil Production: Environmental Performance Improvement by Optimizing Oil Extraction Rate

*Muhammad Rizky Zen  -  Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Indonesia
Agus Adi Putra  -  Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
Uswatun Mujahidah  -  Ailesh. Gg. Antasena, Indonesia
Michelle Maria Magdalena Napitupulu  -  Ailesh. Gg. Antasena, Indonesia
Chairunnisa Noviarini  -  Ailesh. Gg. Antasena, Indonesia
Muhammad Miftahur Rahman scopus  -  Gifu University, Japan

Citation Format:
Abstract

Indonesia, as the foremost producer of palm oil globally, faces crucial environmental challenges. Besides palm oil production plays an important role in economic growth and national development, it also has environmental consequences from the production process. Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Industries face challenges balancing economic growth and environmental sustainability. This research carries out an environmental impact analysis of CPO production with the Life Cycle Assessment method using openLCA software 2.03 with CML-IA Baseline and ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H). Scope of this research adopts cradle-to-gate analysis with declaration unit of 1 kg CPO product. In this analysis, it was found that CPO production had a significant impact on GWP, Terrestrial Eco-toxicity Potential, and Land Use Change. So this research also explores the environmental impact of increased Oil Extraction Rate (OER) scenario with an OER of 21% and 22% compared to OER in current production activities. The research showed that all impacts decreased when OER was increased, impacts decreased of around 3% at OER 21% and decreased of around 8% at OER 22%. These findings confirm the potential feasibility of implementation based on increasing OER in the Palm Oil Industry to achieve targets for sustainable improvement. 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Crude palm oil; environmental performance; life cycle assessment; oil extraction rate; sustainability improvement

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Regional Case Study
Language : EN
Recent articles
Open-Bin Composting for Enhancing the Processed Fecal Sludge Quality with Co-Composting Materials as Admixture Microbiologically Induced Corrosion (MIC) of Carbon Steel in Biodiesel: a Comparative Analysis The Effect of EM4 Addition with Eisenia foetida Worms on Compost Characteristics as a Soil Improver Challenges in using Electrocoagulation Process in Removal of Nickel Metal in Wastewater: a Literature Review Determining the Location of Solar Power Plant in Indonesia Using Fuzzy-AHP TOPSIS Environmental Performance of Ammonia Production in Indonesia using Life Cycle Assessment Approach (A Sensitivity Analysis of CCUS Implementation) Determining Water Quality Status and Assimilation Capacity of Pollutant Loads in Babak Watersheds, West Lombok Regency More recent articles
Most cited articles
Penerangan Jalan Umum Tenaga Surya: Studi Kasus di Kota Pangkalpinang KEMAMPUAN PENYERAPAN ECENG GONDOK TERHADAP AMONIAK DALAM LIMBAH RUMAH SAKIT BERDASARKAN UMUR DAN LAMA KONTAK (STUDI KASUS: RS PANTI WILASA, SEMARANG) FITOREMEDIASI PHOSPAT DENGAN PEMANFAATAN ENCENG GONDOK (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) (STUDI KASUS PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KECIL LAUNDRY) ORGANIC WASTE'S POTENTIAL AS RENEWABLE ENERGY AT SUPIT URANG LANDFILL IN MALANG CITY EVALUATION ON COMMUNITY BASED FOREST MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN RANDUBLATUNG, BLORA More cited articles
  1. Azeez, O.O. 2023. An assessment of the effects of deforestation on biodiversity in OJO local government area of Lagos State, Nigeria. Glob J Ecol 8(2), 075-080
  2. Azmi, M.H.I.M., Hashim, F.H., Huddin, A.B., and Sajab, M.S. 2022. Correlation study between the organic compounds and ripening stages of oil palm fruitlets based on the raman spectra. Sensors (Basel) 19;22(18), 7091
  3. Baharuddin, Rantawan, K., Fitriyah, A.T., Utami, R.R., Nurhayati, and Apriyanto, M. 2020. Production management of crude palm oil (case study at “X” company). Jurnal Riset Industri 17(1), 21-30
  4. Borrelli, P., Robinson, D.A., Panagos, P., Lugato, E., Yang, J.E., Alewell, C., Wuepper, D., Montanarella, L., and Ballabio, C. 2020. Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015–2070). Proc Natl Acad Sci 117(36), 21994–22001
  5. Brilianty, S.L., Suprihatin, and Purwoko. 2022. Penilaian daur hidup produk susu sapi segar: studi kasus di KPBS Pangalengan. Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian 32(3), 220-228
  6. Carlson, K.M., Heilmayr, R., Gibbs, H.K., Noojipady, P., Burns, D.N., Morton, D.C., Nathalie, F., Paoli, G.D., and Kremen, C. 2018. Effect of oil palm sustainability certification on deforestation and fire in Indonesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115(1), 201704728
  7. Chew, C. L., Ng, C. Y., Hong, W. O., Wu, T. Y., Lee, Y-Y., Low, L. E., Kong, P. S., and Chan, E. S. 2021. Improving sustainability of palm oil production by increasing oil extraction rate: a review. Food and Bioprocess Technology 14(4), 573-586
  8. Chew, C.L., Low, L.E., Chia, W.Y., Chew, K.W., Liew, Z.K., Chan, E.S., Chan, Y.J., Kong, P.S., and Show, P.L. 2022. Prospects of palm fruit extraction technology: palm oil recovery processes and quality enhancement. Food Reviews International 38, 893-920
  9. Chew, C.L., Ng, C.Y., Hong, W.O., Wu, T.Y., Lee, Y.Y., Low, L.E., Kong, P.S., and Chan, E.S. 2021. Improving sustainability of palm oil production by increasing oil extraction rate: a review. Food Bioprocess Technol 14, 573–586
  10. Directorate General of Estates. 2023. Statistical of national leading estate crops commodity 2021-2023. Jakarta: Secretariate of Directorate General of Estates, Directorate General of Estates, Ministry of Agriculture
  11. Directorate of Food Crops, Horticulture, and Estate Crops Statistics. 2023. Indonesian oil palm statistics 2022 volume 16. Jakarta: The Central Agency of Statistics of Indonesia
  12. Egberi, K. A. 2022. Risk monitoring committee and firm value of listed oil and gas companies in nigeria: a panel data analysis. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting 13(2), 61-68
  13. Faeid, M.Z.M., Abidin N.Z., and Applanaidu S.D. 2020. Determining optimal replanting rate in palm oil industry, Malaysia: a system dynamics approach optimal policy search in oil palm plantation feedback loops using system dynamics optimization International Journal of Information and Decision Sciences 12(2), 1504
  14. Fosch, A., Ferraz de Arruda, G., Aleta, A., Descals, A., Gaveau, D., Morgans, C., Santika, T., Struebig, M.J., Meijaard, E., and Moreno, Y. 2023. Replanting unproductive palm oil with smallholder plantations can help achieve Sustainable Development Goals in Sumatra, Indonesia. Commun Earth Environ 4, 378
  15. Futari, M. Y. R. 2023. Kajian dampak proses pengolahan minyak bumi si pt.x terhadap lingkungan dengan menggunakan metode life cycle assessment (LCA). Environmental Science and Engineering Conference 4(1), 41-47
  16. Hudori, M., Iskandar, I., and Setyanto, D. 2023. Model formulation for estimating oil extraction rate to measure oil extraction efficiency in palm oil mill. Jurnal Sistem Teknik Industri, 25(1), 146-154
  17. Jayasundara, P. M., and Rathnayake, M. 2023. Fruit and vegetable waste utilization and sustainability: chapter 10 - environmental impacts and sustainability assessment of fruit and vegetable waste valorization through life cycle assessment (includes an overview of life cycle assessment from laboratory scale to industrial implementations and social & economic sustainability). Academic Press, 181-212
  18. Karimi, A, N., Salehnia, N., Salehnia, N., and Koengkan, M. 2022. The effects of agricultural development on CO2 emissions: empirical evidence from the most populous developing countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability 25, 12011–12031
  19. Khatiwada, D., Palmen. C., and Silveira, S. 2021. Evaluating the palm oil demand in Indonesia: production trends, yields, and emerging issues. Biofuels 12(2), 135-147
  20. Laurent, A., Weidema. B.P., Bare, J., Liao, X., de Souza, D.M., Pizzol, M., Sala, S., Schreiber, H., Thonemann, N., and Verones F. 2020. Methodological review and detailed guidance for the life cycle interpretation phase. J Ind Ecol 24(5), 986-1003
  21. Le, T. H., Quang, T. N., Bui, T., and Thi, H. N. 2022. Structure of agricultural, forestry and fishery sector in the vietnam economy: an input–output analysis. Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance Research 14(1), 8-18
  22. Lim, C.H., Bok, C.H., Ngan, S.L., How, B.S., Ng, W.P.Q., and Lam, H. L. 2023. Evaluation of sustainable palm oil production certification via LCA. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, Elsevier
  23. Maisarah and Rahmad, D. 2023. Penggunaan metode life cycle assessment (lca) sebagai pendukung pengambilan keputusan dampak lingkungan pada industri kelapa sawit. Jurnal Ilmiah Betahpa 2(2), 7-14
  24. Malaysia Palm Oil Board, MPOB. 2023. Overview of the Malaysia oil palm industry in 2023. https://bepi.mpob.gov.my/images/overview/Overview2023.pdf
  25. Maraveas, C., Karavas, C.-S., Loukatos, D., Bartzanas, T., Arvanitis, K.G., and Symeonaki, E. 2023. Agricultural greenhouses: resource management technologies and perspectives for zero greenhouse gas emissions. Agriculture 13(7), 1-46
  26. Maskun, Achmad, Naswar, Assidiq, H., and Bachril, S.N. 2021. Palm oil cultivation on peatlands and its impact on increasing Indonesia's greenhouse gas emissions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 724, 012092
  27. Meijaard, E., Brooks, T.M., Carlson, K.M., Slade, E.M., Garcia-Ulloa, J., Gaveau, D.L.A., Lee, J.S.H., Santika, T., Juffe-Bignoli, D., Struebig, M.J., Wich, S.A., Ancrenaz, M., Koh, L.P., Zamira, N., Abrams, J.F., Prins, H.H.T., Sendashonga, C.N., Murdiyarso, D., Furumo, P.R., Macfarlane, N., Hoffmann, R., Persio, M., Descals, A., Szantoi, Z., and Sheil, D. 2020. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. Nat Plants 6(12), 1418-1426
  28. Mielke, T. 2019. World market for vegetable oil: status and prospect in: kaltschmitt m(eds) energy from organic materials (biomass). Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology Series. New York: Springer 261-98
  29. Muhie, S.H. 2022. Novel approaches and practices to sustainable agriculture. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research 10, 100446
  30. Murphy, D. 2019. Oil palm value chain management. In: Allan T, Bromwich B, Keulertz M, Colman A, editors. The oxford handbook of food, water and society. Oxford: Oxford University Press 630–51
  31. Murphy, D.J., Goggin, K., and Paterson, R.R.M. 2021. Oil palm in the 2020s and beyond: challenges and solutions. CABI Agric Biosci 2, 39
  32. Nadzir, M.S.M., Ooi, M.C.G., Harris, N.R.P., Bolas, C., Bran, S.H., Macatangay, R.C., Chan, A., Teh, Y.A., Jaafar, W.S.W.M., Yusup, Y., Latif, M.T., Khan, M.F., Ahamad, F., Kho, L.K., Razak, A.A., Jantan, N.M., Hawari, Y., Yatim, A.N.M., Maulud, K.N.A., Wahab, M.I.A., Sahani, M., Sabuti, A.A., Nor, M.F.F.M., Ariff, N.M., Bakar, M.A.A., Zainudin, B.H., and Yik, L.C. 2020. Driving factors for isoprene-surface ozone and carbon dioxide chemistry over an oil palm plantation in Malaysia. Environ Int 1
  33. Ng, K., Sipaut, C.S., and Janaun, J. 2020. Oil extraction from palm oil empty fruit bunches with crystallization technique. Sains Malaysiana 49(08):2005-2011
  34. Nnamchi, S., Jagun, Z., Ijomah, M., Nnamchi, O., and Busingye, J. 2022. Time series analysis of global energy indices: logarithmic and normalized techniques for developmental studies. Energy Economics Letters 9(1), 1-19
  35. Nurhayati, Asmanizar, Aziz, R., Ekasari, K., and Beddu, H. 2022. Analysis of agronomy and environmental impacts of palm oil production: evidence from Indonesia. AgBioForum 24(1): 193-204
  36. Purnomo, H., Okarda, B., Dermawan, A., Ilham, Q.P., Pacheco, P., Nurfatriani, R., and Suhendang, E. 2020. Reconciling oil palm economic development and environmental conservation in Indonesia: A value chain dynamic approach. Forest Policy and Economics 111, 102089
  37. Rinaldo, R., Suprihatin, and Yani, M. 2023. Life cycle assessment produksi crude palm oil (CPO) (studi kasus: PT X Provinsi Bengkulu). Agrointek 17(3), 651-659
  38. Silvamany, H., Hassan, N.S.M., Yasin, N.M.F.M., Hamid, A.A.H.A., Khairi, M.I., Arnan, M.Z., Yunus, M.F.M., Kulaveerasingam, H., Dunning, C.J.R., Nagalingam, K., and Chew, C.L. 2021. Engineering solutions for the palm mill of the future: Increasing extraction rate and sustainability through biotechnology. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1195
  39. Slamet, N.S., Dargusch, P., Wadley, D., and Aziz, A.A. 2020. Carbon emissions of coastal land reclamation from dredging activity: the case of Jakarta Bay, in Indonesia. Journal of Environmental Informatics Letters 3(2)
  40. The Indonesian Palm Oil Association. 2023. Press release palm oil industry performance in October 2023: production, consumption & exports rise, stock drops. Jakarta: The Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI)
  41. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). (2024). Produstion - palm oil. United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, Production, Supply and Distribution database. http://www.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/
  42. Wahyono, Y., Hadiyanto, H., Budihardjo, M. A., and Adiansyah, J. S. 2020. Assessing the environmental performance of palm oil biodiesel production in Indonesia: a life cycle assessment approach. Energies 13(12), 3248
  43. Zhao, J., Andrew. J.A., Lee, J.S.H., Numata, I., Zhang, X., and Cochrane, M. A. 2023. Replanting and yield increase strategies for alleviating the potential decline in palm oil production in Indonesia. Agricultural Systems 210, 103714
  44. Zuhdi, D. A. F., Abdullah, M. F., Suliswanto, M. S. W., and Wahyudi, S. T. 2020. The competitiveness of Indonesian crude palm oil in international market. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan 19(1), 111-124

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-07-17 20:55:13

No citation recorded.