DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v22i2.528-546

Life Cycle Assessment of the Campus Wastewater Treatment Using the Lab-scale of Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Hafif Ahmad Abdul Aziz  -  Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
*Anie Yulistyorini orcid scopus  -  Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
Ridwan Muhamad Rifai orcid scopus  -  Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia
Sofiah Hamzah orcid scopus  -  Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Citation Format:
Abstract

In Indonesia, the waste sector is responsible for 10.59% (130,188.21 GgCO2e) of global warming emissions, one of which is from campus domestic wastewater due to the lack of wastewater treatment plants. Only 0.2% of the 6,472 campuses have treatment systems, such as Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) use a fabricated anaerobic baffled reactor (FABR) for wastewater treatment plants for its green campus initiatives, yet available only for several buildings and do not treat all wastewater generated from the campus activity. However, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of ABR system has not been widely studied, especially when it uses in treating of the campus wastewater. This study aims to conduct the LCA of the laboratory -scale ABR system in the campus wastewater treatment with gate-to-gate scope using Simapro 9.1.11 and the CML-IA Baseline. Three scenarios were tested: untreated wastewater, ABR equipped with peristaltic pumps, ABR without pumps. The results indicated that ABR treatment had a significantly lower environmental impact than untreated wastewater, with the greatest reduction in global warming potential (1.51E-08 to 4.98E-11), followed by eutrophication and photochemical oxidation. This study is limited to the ABR system, future research could expand to include the full lifecycle, from material collection to final results.

 

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Life cycle assessment; anaerobic baffled reactor; campus wastewater treatment; environmental performance; sustainable campus
Funding: Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia Directorate of Research, Technology, and Community Service (DRTPM) under contract 11.6.44/UN32.14.1/LT/2024; Universitas Negeri Malang

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Regional Case Study
Language : EN
Recent articles
Innovative Pyrolysis Reactor for Liquid Smoke, Activated Carbon, and Limestone Production The Potential of Spent Bleaching Earth In Charcoal Briquettes as Energy Source The Effect of adding Coconut Shells and Corn Husk to Biobriquettes from Fish Bone Waste Evaluating Household Solid Waste Sampling: Is an Eight-Day Consecutive Method Necessary? A Preliminary Study Effectiveness of Hybrid Solar Power Plant Integration in Wastewater Treatment: A Sustainable Approach to Water Crisis Noise Evaluation of the Finalization Phase Construction Project of X Hospital Trends and Patterns of Sediment Contamination in Indonesia (1999-2024): A Scientometric Analysis Corporate Responsibility for Water Disclosure in Improving Environmental Transparency: A Case Study of ASEAN Countries Bibliometric Analysis of Water Pollution Research: Focus on Industry Impacts More recent articles
Most cited articles
KONSERVASI ENERGI BERBASIS RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DENGAN PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI MICROBIAL KUALITAS UDARA DALAM RUANG DI DAERAH PARKIR BASEMENT DAN PARKIR UPPERGROUND (STUDI KASUS DI SUPERMARKET SEMARANG) STUDI PEMBUATAN KOMPOS PADAT DARI SAMPAH DAUN KERING TPST UNDIP DENGAN VARIASI BAHAN MIKROORGANISME LOKAL (MOL) DAUN PENGOLAHAN AIR LINDI DENGAN PROSES KOMBINASI BIOFILTER ANAEROB-AEROB DAN WETLAND EVALUASI PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH SAKIT PUSAT ANGKATAN DARAT GATOT SOEBROTO More cited articles
  1. Abd Elnabi, M.K., Elkaliny, N.E., Elyazied, M.M., Azab, S.H., Elkhalifa, S.A., Elmasry, S., Mouhamed, M.S., Shalamesh, E.M., Alhorieny, N.A., Abd Elaty, A.E., Elgendy, I.M., Etman, A.E., Saad, K.E., Tsigkou, K., Ali, S.S., Kornaros, M. and Mahmoud, Y.A.G., 2023. Toxicity of heavy metals and recent advances in their removal: A review. Toxics, 11
  2. Alami, A.H., Alasad, S., Aljaghoub, H., Sayed, E.T., Shehata, N., Rezk, H. and Abdelkareem, M.A., 2022. Emerging technologies for enhancing microalgae biofuel production: Recent progress, barriers, and limitations. Fermentation, 8
  3. Ar Rachmah, A.N., Fauzi, A.M. and Bustami, B., 2020. Life cycle assessment komoditi perikanan di Muncar Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Jurnal Standardisasi, 22, p.245
  4. Ayu, F.D. and Purwaningsih, R., 2024. Pengukuran tingkat eko-efisiensi produksi kain motif batik dengan teknik screen printing menggunakan metode life cycle assessment (LCA). Industrial Engineering Online Journal, 13, pp.1–7
  5. Bahi, Y., Akhssas, A., Khamar, M., Bahi, L. and Souidi, H., 2020. Estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from natural lagoon wastewater treatment plant: Case of Ain Taoujdate-Morocco. E3S Web of Conferences
  6. Bekeowei, R.A. and Bariweni, P.A., 2022. A study of aquatic macrophyte for remediation of chromium and cadmium in wastewater effluents in Yenagoa Metropolis, Niger Delta. Journal of Applied and Natural Science
  7. BMKG, 2022. Gas rumah kaca. Buletin Gas Rumah Kaca, 2, pp.27–28
  8. Bouwman, A.F., Vuuren, D.P.V.A.N., Derwent, R.G. and Posch, M., 2023. Of terrestrial ecosystems. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, pp.349–382
  9. Callahan, J.L., 2023. Performance analysis of three pilot-scale multi-compartment anaerobic baffled reactors treating domestic wastewater at psychrophilic temperatures in Colorado. Water Environment Research
  10. Camargos Mesquita, J.L., 2023. Greenhouse gas emission reduction based on social recycling: A case study with waste picker cooperatives in Brasília, Brazil. Sustainability
  11. Dan, E., Ebong, G.A. and Etuk, H.S., Daniel, I.E., 2023. Carcinogenic potentials of toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Telfairia occidentalis and Talinum triangulare impacted by wastewater, Southern Nigeria. Environmental Protection Research
  12. Do-Hee, K., Begum, M.S., Choi, J.H., Jin, H., Chea, E. and Park, J., 2019. Comparing effects of untreated and treated wastewater on riverine greenhouse gas emissions. APN Science Bulletin
  13. Dong, Y., Cheng, X., Li, C., Xu, L. and Lin, W., 2023. Characterization of nitrogen emissions for freshwater eutrophication modelling in life cycle impact assessment at the damage level and urban scale. Ecological Indicators, 154, p.110598
  14. Du, M., Zhu, Q., Wang, X., Li, P., Yang, B., Chen, H., Wang, M., Zhou, X. and Peng, C., 2018. Estimates and predictions of methane emissions from wastewater in China from 2000 to 2020. Earth’s Future
  15. Ferdous, J., Bensebaa, F., Hewage, K. and Bhowmik, P., Pelletier, N., 2024. Use of process simulation to obtain life cycle inventory data for LCA: A systematic review. Cleaner Environmental Systems, 14, p.100215
  16. Foy, B. de, Schauer, J.J., Lorente, A. and Borsdorff, T., 2023. Investigating high methane emissions from urban areas detected by TROPOMI and their association with untreated wastewater. Environmental Research Letters
  17. Frhan Al‐Abboodi, N.K. and Ridha, H., 2023. Review of compression ignition engine powered by biogas and hydrogen. Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics
  18. GBCI, 2013. Perangkat penilaian GREENSHIP (GREENSHIP Rating Tools). Greenship New Building Versi 1.2, pp.1–15
  19. Ghannadzadeh, A. and Tarighaleslami, A.H., 2019. Exergetic environmental sustainability assessment supported by Monte Carlo simulations: A case study of a chlorine production process. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 5
  20. Handriani, A.A. and Pharmawati, K., 2024. Kajian literatur life cycle assessement (LCA) perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia. In: Prosiding FTSP Series: Seminar Nasional Dan Diseminasi Tugas Akhir 2023. pp. 2024–2031
  21. Herman, H., 2023. Pendekatan One Health manajemen air limbah rumah pemotongan hewan Kota Tana Paser. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan Lahan Basah
  22. Hu, L., Li, Z., Kong, L., Wei, J., Chang, J. and Shi, W., 2024. Reassessing the greenhouse effect of biogenic carbon emissions in constructed wetlands. Journal of Environmental Management, 354, p.120263
  23. Hutabarat, D.M., 2023. Pengaruh jenis koagulan dan variasi pH terhadap kualitas limbah cair di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah PT Kawasan Industri Intiland. Distilat Jurnal Teknologi Separasi
  24. Idrus, R.T., Armiwati, Romadhani, N., Raihan, A. and Ningki, A.N.K., 2024. Pengelolaan air limbah greywater rumah tangga. Vokatek, 02, pp.17–22
  25. IPCC, 2023. Summary for policymakers: Synthesis report. Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, pp.1–34
  26. Irianto, 2024. 1-5+Sosialisasi+Perubahan+Iklim+Dan+Krisis+Air. Jurnal Pakem Amata, 4, pp.1–5
  27. Isnanto, B.A., 2024. UNS jadi kampus pertama yang kelola air limbah secara mandiri. Available at: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-3442802/uns-jadi-kampus-pertama-yang-kelola-air-limbah-secara-mandiri
  28. International Organization for Standardization, 2016. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment: Principles and framework ISO 14040. Geneva: European Committee for Standardization
  29. International Organization for Standardization, 2017. Environmental management – Life cycle assessment: Principles and framework ISO 14044. Geneva: European Committee for Standardization
  30. Jang, J., Lim, S., Choe, S.B., Kim, J.S., Lim, H.K., Oh, J. and Oh, D., 2024. Enhanced predictive modeling vs. LCA simulation: A comparative study on CO2 emissions from ship operations. Ocean Engineering, 310, p.118506
  31. Joshi, D.R., Yu, Z., Gao, Y., Liu, Y. and Yang, M., 2017. Biotransformation of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing pollutants during coking wastewater treatment: Correspondence of performance to microbial community functional structure. Water Research
  32. Kateb, A. El, Stalder, C., Rüggeberg, A., Neururer, C., Spangenberg, J.E. and Spezzaferri, S., 2018. Impact of industrial phosphate waste discharge on the marine environment in the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia). PLoS One
  33. Khalid, S., Shahid, M., Natasha, Bibi, I., Sarwar, T., Shah, A.H. and Niazi, N.K., 2018. A review of environmental contamination and health risk assessment of wastewater use for crop irrigation with a focus on low and high-income countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  34. KLHK, 2021. Pedoman penyusunan laporan penilaian daur hidup (LCA). Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, pp.1–82
  35. KLHK, 2024. Laporan inventarisasi gas rumah kaca (GRK) dan monitoring, pelaporan, verifikasi (MPV) 2023. 9
  36. Lam, K.M., Solon, K. and Jia, M., van Hoek, J.P., 2022. Life cycle environmental impacts of wastewater-derived phosphorus products: An agricultural end-user perspective. Environmental Science & Technology
  37. Lee, J.H., 2023. Comparison of solubilization treatment technologies for phosphorus release from anaerobic digestate of livestock manure. Water
  38. Lei, Z., Zheng, J., Liu, J., Li, Q., Xue, J., Yang, Y., Kong, Z., Li, Y.Y. and Chen, R., 2024. Synergic treatment of domestic wastewater and food waste in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor demo plant: Process performance, energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Water Research, 266
  39. Mapanget, Pade, G.S., Mangangka, I.R. and Legrans, R.R.I., 2024. Desain IPAL komunal anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) sebagai unit pengolahan air limbah domestik. Journal Utekno, 22
  40. Martin, R., De Melo, B., Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Pagani, F., Banja, M., Muentan, M., Schaaf, E., Becker, W., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Quadrelli, R., Taghavi-Moharamli, P., Köykkä, J., Grassi, G., Rossi, S., Brandao De Melo, J., Oom, D., Branco, A. and San-Miguel, J., Vignati, E., 2023. GHG emissions of all world countries. Publications Office of the European Union
  41. Mohd Rashid, S.N. and Liu, Y.-Q., 2020. Assessing environmental impacts of large centralized wastewater treatment plants with combined or separate sewer systems in dry/wet seasons by using LCA. Environmental Science and Pollution Research
  42. Mustikaningrum, D., Kristiawan, K. and Suprayitno, S., 2021. Emisi gas rumah kaca sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Tuban: Inventarisasi dan potensi aksi mitigasi. Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan, 9, pp.155–171
  43. Nasrullah, Z. and Rahmayanti, A., 2024. Efektivitas pengolahan air limbah domestik: Pendekatan teknologi ramah lingkungan. Kerja Praktek Lingkungan, 1, p.37
  44. Niu, C., Zhang, Q., Xiao, L. and Wang, H., 2022. Spatiotemporal variation in groundwater quality and source apportionment along the Ye River of North China using the PMF model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
  45. Nugroho, Y.B., Yulistyorini, A. and Mujiyono, M., 2022. Evaluasi kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) PT. Wahana Kreasi Hasil Kencana (WKHK) Tangerang. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan
  46. Omer, N.H., 2020. Water quality parameters
  47. Orner, K.D., Smith, S., Nordahl, S.L., Chakrabarti, A.R., Breunig, H., Scown, C.D., Leverenz, H. and Nelson, K.L., Horvath, A., 2022. Environmental and economic impacts of managing nutrients in digestate derived from sewage sludge and high-strength organic waste. Environmental Science & Technology
  48. Othman, Y.A., Al-Assaf, A., Tadros, M.J. and Albalawneh, A., 2021. Heavy metals and microbes accumulation in soil and food crops irrigated with wastewater and the potential human health risk: A metadata analysis. Water
  49. Pagoray, H., Sulistyawati, S. and Fitriyani, F., 2021. Limbah cair industri tahu dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas air dan biota perairan. Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu
  50. Pang, B., 2023. Performance evaluation of anaerobic baffled reactor and filter for treating medium-strength wastewater using natural sludge growth and different hydraulic retention times. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
  51. PDDikti, 2024. Statistik perguruan tinggi menurut jenis. Pusat Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi. Available at: https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/statistik
  52. Pranta, A.D., Mawlana Bhashani, 2023. Navigating eutrophication in aquatic environments: Understanding impacts and unveiling solutions for effective wastewater management, 05, pp.11–18
  53. Prasetyo, C. purnomo, 2021. Dampak pencemaran limbah cair industri tenun ikat terhadap kualitas air tanah di Kelurahan Bandar Kidul Kota Kediri. Jurnal Tecnoscienza
  54. Raketh, M., Kongjan, P., O-Thong, S., Mamimin, C. and Jariyaboon, R., Promnuan, K., 2024. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic analysis of two-stage anaerobic process of co-digesting palm oil mill effluent (POME) with concentrated latex wastewater (CLW) for biogas production. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 192, pp.450–459
  55. Raketh, M., Kongjan, P., Trably, É. and Samahae, N., Jariyaboon, R., 2023. Effect of organic loading rate and effluent recirculation on biogas production of desulfated skim latex serum using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Journal of Environmental Management
  56. Reichelt-brushett, A., 2023. Marine pollution — monitoring, management and mitigation
  57. Sakina, N.A., Sodri, A. and Kusnoputranto, H., 2023. Heavy metals assessment of hospital wastewater during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS)
  58. Samuchiwal, S., Naaz, F., Kumar, P., Ahammad, S.Z. and Malik, A., 2023. Life cycle assessment of sequential microbial-based anaerobic-aerobic reactor technology developed onsite for treating textile effluent. Environmental Research, 234
  59. Sedyaaw, P., Bhaladhare, D.R. and Kawade, S.S., 2024. A review on acid rain it’s causes. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 12
  60. Selvarajan, R., Sibanda, T., Pandian, J. and Mearns, K., 2021. Taxonomic and functional distribution of bacterial communities in domestic and hospital wastewater system: Implications for public and environmental health. Antibiotics
  61. Shen, Y.-G., Xiao, Z., Wang, Y., Xiao, W. and Yao, L., Zhou, C., 2023. Impacts of agricultural soil NOx emissions on O3 over Mainland China. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
  62. Shi, S. and Yan, X., 2024. Review article a critical review on spatially explicit life cycle assessment methodologies and applications. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 52, pp.566–579
  63. Sukmawan, Y., Dewi, R., Riniarti, D., Agusta, H. and Sudradjat, S., 2024. Evaluasi dampak lingkungan pada pembibitan kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan pendekatan penilaian daur hidup. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 11, pp.64–72
  64. Tuholske, C., Halpern, B.S., Blasco, G., Villasenor, J.C., Frazier, M. and Caylor, K.K., 2021. Mapping global inputs and impacts from of human sewage in coastal ecosystems. PLoS One
  65. Ullah, N., Zeshan and Badshah, M., 2022. Municipal wastewater treatment with corrugated PVC carrier anaerobic baffled reactor. Water Science & Technology
  66. UM Green Campus, 2022. UM green campus report 2022. Available at: [suspicious link removed]
  67. UNCRD, 2020. Early release state of plastics waste in Asia and the-pacific - issues, challenges and circular economic opportunities
  68. Vuitik, G.A., Fuess, L.T., Nery, V. Del and Bañares-Alcántara, R., Pires, E.C., 2019. Effects of recirculation in anaerobic baffled reactors. Journal of Water Process Engineering
  69. Widyarani, W., Wulan, D.R., Hamidah, U., Komarulzaman, A. and Rosmalina, R.T., Sintawardani, N., 2022. Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: Generation, characteristics and treatment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research
  70. Yan, Y., Gu, R., Zhu, M., Tang, M., He, Q. and Tang, Y., Liu, L., 2023. Environmental impacts and optimization simulation of aerobic anaerobic combination treatment technology for food waste with life cycle assessment. Waste Management, 164, pp.228–237
  71. Yilmaz, M., Guven, H., Ozgun, H., Ersahin, M.E. and Koyuncu, I., 2024. The application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to anaerobic technologies for the treatment of municipal wastewater: A review. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 182, pp.357–370
  72. Yulistyorini, A., 2021. Post-treatment of anaerobic baffled reactor effluent using modified up-flow anaerobic filter. In: 3rd International Conference of Green Civil and Environmental Engineering (GCEE 2021)
  73. Zhang, L. and Peng, B., 2022. Review on anaerobic digestion and disposal technology of solid waste. Scientific Journal of Technology
  74. Zhao, K., 2024. Study on the environmental impact and benefits of incorporating humus composites in anaerobic co-digestion treatment. Toxics
  75. Zhu, J., Li, S., Li, T., Zhu, A., Shao, Y., Yang, Z., Chen, L. and Li, X., 2024. Environmental impact analysis of potassium-ion batteries based on the life cycle assessment: A comparison with lithium iron phosphate batteries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 483, p.144298

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2025-12-13 13:18:46

No citation recorded.