DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijfst.22.1.19-27

PENDUGAAN POTENTIAL FISHING GROUND IKAN MADIDIHANG DI PERAIRAN SELATAN SIKKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL GAM BERBASIS DATA PENGINDERAAN JAUH

*Sukardi Sukardi scopus  -  universitas nusa nipa, Indonesia
Christofel Oktavianus Nobel Pale  -  Universitas Nusa Nipa, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ikan madidihang (Thunnus albacares) merupakan komoditas penting dalam sektor perikanan tangkap di Indonesia, terutama di Nusa Tenggara Timur, yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan sosial yang tinggi. Kelimpahan ikan ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan laut, seperti suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan konsentrasi klorofil-a (CHL). Kondisi oseanografi ini berhubungan langsung dengan produktivitas primer dan distribusi ikan, yang penting untuk pengelolaan sumber daya perikanan secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara parameter oseanografi (SPL dan CHL) dengan kelimpahan ikan madidihang di perairan selatan Kabupaten Sikka, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian dilakukan pada April–Juli 2025, dengan menggunakan data penginderaan jauh berbasis satelit yang digabungkan dengan data observasi lapangan. Analisis dilakukan dengan Model Generalized Additive Model (GAM) dengan formula GAM ~ s(SPL) + s(CHL) untuk menguji pengaruh non-linear antara variabel oseanografi dan kelimpahan ikan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa SPL dan CHL berpengaruh signifikan dengan p = 0,01685 (SPL) dan p = 0,00413 (CHL). Nilai edf = 1,000 untuk SPL menunjukkan hubungan hampir linear, sedangkan edf = 1,812 untuk CHL menunjukkan hubungan non-linear. Model ini menghasilkan AIC = 1243,599, R² (adj) = 0,0604, dan Deviance Explained = 7,61%, menunjukkan kecocokan model yang baik. Pemetaan spasial menunjukkan zona potensial penangkapan ikan tertinggi terjadi pada Juni–Juli, dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas upwelling. Kondisi optimal penangkapan ditemukan pada SPL 27,5–28,5°C dan CHL 0,1–0,5 mg/m³.

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Keywords: Madidihang; Potential Fishing Groung; GAM; Penginderaan Jauh; Selatan Sikka

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