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Correlation of Bio-physicochemical Factors with the Expansion of Mangrove Forests in Laikang Bay, Indonesia

1Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bosowa, Indonesia

2Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Bosowa, Indonesia

3Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Bosowa, Indonesia

4 Department of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Khairun, Indonesia

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Received: 12 Jul 2024; Revised: 8 Aug 2024; Accepted: 1 Sep 2024; Available online: 1 Dec 2024; Published: 11 Dec 2024.

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Abstract

The bio-physicochemical conditions of seawater are critically important in the rate of expansion of mangrove forests. This study aims to assess the driving factors of mangrove forest expansion with bio-physicochemical water quality analysis using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) method in Laikang Bay, Indonesia. Water quality analysis included measurements of NO3, PO4, kH, salinity, current speed, brightness (D3), NO2, pH, and chlorophyll-a levels (bio-physicochemical factors). This research adopts quantitative methods, with data collected from 42 specific locations between 12:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The observation data was gathered using the stratified random sampling method. Spatial distribution mapping of mangroves and observation data were analyzed using Euclidean nearest neighbor distance with ArcGIS software version 8.1. The MaxEnt method was applied to investigate the percentage contribution of water quality on the distribution of mangroves. The results of this study indicate that the most significant factor contributing to the growth and expansion of mangrove forests in Laikang Bay is the PO4 content, with a contribution value of 47.4%. The PO4 concentration ranges from 0.10 to 1.40 mg.100g-1, with a concentration of approximately 0.10 mg.100g-1 having the greatest impact. Meanwhile, the less influential factor is brightness (D3), with a contribution value of 0.3%. These results indicate that to maintain the growth and expansion of mangrove forests in Laikang Bay, it is necessary to maintain the levels of these influential variables.

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Keywords: Mangrove Expansion; Mangrove Ecosystem; Bio-physicochemical Factors; Water Quality; MaxEnt

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