DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41332

Bioconversion of Industrial Cassava Solid Waste (Onggok) to Bioethanol Using a Saccharification and Fermentation process

Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia

Received: 10 Sep 2021; Revised: 19 Nov 2021; Accepted: 8 Dec 2021; Available online: 2 Jan 2022; Published: 4 May 2022.
Editor(s): Rock Keey Liew
Open Access Copyright (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Cassava solid waste (Onggok) is a by-product of the starch industry containing a lot of fiber, especially cellulose and hemicellulose. It has the potential to be converted to bioethanol. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of feedstocks ratio for the optimal bioethanol production via enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis process in a batch fermentation process. The effect of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities was studied. The sulfuric acid concentrations in the hydrolysis process in converting cassava into reducing sugar were also investigated. The reducing sugar was then fermented to produce ethanol. Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis was carried out with the ratio of onggok(g)/water(L), 50/1, 75/1, and 100/1 (w/v). In the enzymatic hydrolysis, 22.5, 45, and 67.5 KNU (Kilo Novo alpha-amylase Unit) for liquefaction; and 65, 130, and 195 GAU (Glucoamylase Unit) for saccharification, respectively of enzymes were applied. The liquefaction was carried out at 90-100⁰C for 2 hours. The saccharification was executed at 65 ⁰C for 4 hours. Meanwhile, the acidic hydrolysis operating condition was at 90-100 ⁰C for 3 hours. The fermentation was performed at pH 4.5 for 3 days. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis process. The highest ethanol was yielded in the fermentation at 8.89% with the ratio of onggok to water 100:1, 67.5 KNU of alpha-amylase, and 195 GAU of glucoamylase. Ethanol was further purified utilizing fractional distillation. The final ethanol concentration was at 93-94%.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: α-amylase; glucoamylase; liquefaction; saccharification; reducing sugar; starch

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: 5th International Conference of Mechanical Engineering 2021
Language : EN
Recent articles
Substitution Garden and Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Plastic Waste as Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) Investigations on the Influence of Surface Textures on Optical Reflectance of Multi-crystalline Silicone (MC-Si) Crystal Surfaces-Simulations and Experiments Investigating the Environmental and the Energy Saving Behavior among School Principals through Classification Algorithms Enhanced Geothermal Systems – Promises and Challenges Bioconversion of Industrial Cassava Solid Waste (Onggok) to Bioethanol Using a Saccharification and Fermentation process Mathematical Model of the Thermal Performance of Double-Pass Solar Collector for Solar Energy Application in Sierra Leone More recent articles
Most cited articles
Performance, Emissions and Combustion Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fuelled with Blends of Jatropha Methyl Ester and Diesel Two-Phase Expander Approach for Next Generation of Heat Recovery Systems Evaluation and Modification of Processes for Bioethanol Separation and Production Optimum Sizing Algorithm for An Off Grid Plant Considering Renewable Potentials and Load Profile Improving the Efficiency of a Nuclear Power Plant Using a Thermoelectric Cogeneration System More cited articles
  1. Abu Tayeh, H., Najami, N., Dosoretz, C., Tafesh, A., & Azaizeh, H. (2014). Potential of bioethanol production from olive mill solid wastes. Bioresource Technology, 152, 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.102
  2. Adekunle, A., Orsat, V., & Raghavan, V. (2016). Lignocellulosic bioethanol: A review and design conceptualization study of production from cassava peels. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 64, 518–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.064
  3. Altway, S., Pujar, S. C., & de Haan, A. B. (2018). Liquid-liquid equilibria of ternary and quaternary systems involving 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, water, organic solvents, and salts at 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 475, 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2018.07.034
  4. Altway, S., Pujar, S. C., & de Haan, A. B. (2019). Effect of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate on the phase equilibria for systems containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, water, organic solvent in the absence and presence of sodium chloride. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 132, 257–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2019.01.001
  5. Amalia, A. V., Fibriana, F., Widiatningrum, T., & Hardianti, R. D. (2021). Bioconversion and valorization of cassava-based industrial wastes to bioethanol gel and its potential application as a clean cooking fuel. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 35(June), 102093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102093
  6. Hamzah, A., Ainiyah, S., Ramadhani, D., Parwita, G. E. K., Rahmawati, Y., Soeprijanto, Ogino, H., & Widjaja, A. (2019). Cellulase and xylanase immobilized on chitosan magnetic particles for application in coconut husk hydrolysis. International Journal of Technology, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v10i3.2905
  7. Hamzah, Afan, Gek Ela Kumala, P., Ramadhani, D., Maziyah, N., Rahmah, L. N., Soeprijanto, & Widjaja, A. (2017). Effect of temperature and mixing speed on immobilization of crude enzyme from Aspergillus Niger on chitosan for hydrolyzing cellulose. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1840, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982266
  8. Hamzah, Afan, Sitompul, L. L., Putri, I. N. F., Soeprijanto, & Widjaja, A. (2019). Synergistic effect of two type cellulase immobilized on chitosan microparticle as biocatalyst for coconut husk hydrolysis. Indonesian Journal of Chemistry, 19(2), 495–502. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.39714
  9. Jia, L., Gonçalves, G. A. L., Takasugi, Y., Mori, Y., Noda, S., Tanaka, T., Ichinose, H., & Kamiya, N. (2015). Effect of pretreatment methods on the synergism of cellulase and xylanase during the hydrolysis of bagasse. Bioresource Technology, 185, 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.041
  10. Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, A. B., Kongjan, P., & Angelidaki, I. (2009). Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, 100(9), 2562–2568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.011
  11. Karagöz, P., & Özkan, M. (2014). Ethanol production from wheat straw by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces stipitis co-culture in batch and continuous system. Bioresource Technology, 158, 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.022
  12. Kristensen, J. B., Börjesson, J., Bruun, M. H., Tjerneld, F., & Jørgensen, H. (2007). Use of surface active additives in enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw lignocellulose. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40(4), 888–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.07.014
  13. Kumar, R., Ghosh, A. K., & Pal, P. (2019). Fermentative ethanol production from Madhuca indica flowers using immobilized yeast cells coupled with solar driven direct contact membrane distillation with commercial hydrophobic membranes. Energy Conversion and Management, 181(December 2018), 593–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.12.050
  14. Kusdianto, K., Widiyastuti, W., Shimada, M., Qomariyah, L., & Winardi, S. (2020). Fabrication of ZnO-SiO2 Nanocomposite Materials Prepared by a Spray Pyrolysis for the Photocatalytic Activity under UV and Sunlight Irradiations. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 778(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/778/1/012105
  15. Laopaiboon, L., & Laopaiboon, P. (2012). Ethanol production from sweet sorghum juice in repeated-batch fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilized on corncob. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28(2), 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-011-0848-6
  16. Li, W. Z., Xu, J., Wang, J., Yan, Y. J., Zhu, X. F., Chen, M. Q., & Tan, Z. C. (2008). Studies of monosaccharide production through lignocellulosic waste hydrolysis using double acids. Energy and Fuels, 22(3), 2015–2021. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef700762h
  17. Lyu, H., Yang, S., Zhang, J., Feng, Y., & Geng, Z. (2021). Impacts of utilization patterns of cellulosic C5 sugar from cassava straw on bioethanol production through life cycle assessment. Bioresource Technology, 323(December 2020), 124586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124586
  18. Madadi, M., Zhao, K., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Tang, S. wen, Xia, T., Jin, N., Xu, Z., Li, G., Qi, Z., Peng, L., & Xiong, Z. (2021). Modified lignocellulose and rich starch for complete saccharification to maximize bioethanol in distinct polyploidy potato straw. Carbohydrate Polymers, 265(April), 118070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118070
  19. Noel, S., Fortier, C., Murschel, F., Belzil, A., Gaudet, G., Jolicoeur, M., & De Crescenzo, G. (2016). Co-immobilization of adhesive peptides and VEGF within a dextran-based coating for vascular applications. Acta Biomaterialia, 37, 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2016.03.043
  20. Obianwa, C., Edak, A. U., & Godwin, I. (2016). Bioethanol production from cassava peels using different microbial inoculants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(30), 1608–1612. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb2016.15391
  21. Olanbiwoninu, A. A., & Odunfa, S. A. (2012). Enhancing the Production of Reducing Sugars from Cassava Peels by Pretreatment Methods. Nternational Journal of Science and Technology, 2(9)
  22. Qomariyah, L., Widiyastuti, W., & Winardi, S. (2020). Effect of colloidal properties on the particle characteristics in the flame-assisted spray-drying process. Chemical Papers, 74(1), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-019-00878-8
  23. Soeprijanto, S, Adiwarna, P. D. W., Faristi, S. D., & ... (2019). Production of Bioethanol from Solid Wastes of Tapioca Flour Industry Through Enzymation and Fermentation Process. Seminar Nasional …, April, 1–6
  24. Soeprijanto, Soeprijanto, Warmadewanthi, I. D. A. A., Muntini, M. S., & Anzip, A. (2020). The utilization of water hyacinth for biogas production in a plug flow anaerobic digester. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 10(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.21843
  25. Tomasik, P., & Horton, D. (2012). Enzymatic conversions of starch. In Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry (1st ed., Vol. 68). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-396523-3.00001-4
  26. Wahyuono, R. A., Hakim, M. N., & Santoso, S. A. (2015). Feasibility Study on the Production of Bioethanol from Tapioca Solid Waste to Meet the National Demand of Biofuel. Energy Procedia, 65, 324–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.01.060

Last update:

  1. Sustainable Cassava

    Albert Mariathankam Nizzy, Matthew Chidozie Ogwu. 2024. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-21747-0.00010-2

Last update: 2024-11-16 14:30:02

No citation recorded.