DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2023.52180

Agricultural waste-based magnetic biochar produced via hydrothermal route for petroleum spills adsorption

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

2SDGs Center, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

3Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

Received: 31 Jan 2023; Revised: 2 Mar 2023; Accepted: 27 Mar 2023; Available online: 7 Apr 2023; Published: 15 May 2023.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto
Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Centre of Biomass and Renewable Energy (CBIORE)
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Citation Format:
Abstract

Oil spills are one of the marine pollution events triggered by the results of tanker operations (air ballast), ship repairs and maintenance (docking), mid-ocean loading and unloading terminals, air bilge (drainage of water, oil, and engine-processed lubricants), ship scrapping, and the most common accidents/collisions of tankers. The impacts vary from the death of marine organisms, especially fish, changes in reproduction and behavior of organisms, plankton contamination, fish migration, as well as ecosystem damage, and economic loss. Bio-based absorbents such as biochar can be an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical sorbents that works to adsorb oil spills faster. In this study, the effectiveness of magnetic biochar in oil spill removal was investigated. It also includes the synthesisation of magnetic biochar from agricultural waste (bagasse, rice husks, and sawdust) using the hydrothermal method at a temperature of 200°C. Hydrothermal carbonization is considered a cost-effective method for biochar production because the process can be carried out at low temperatures around 180°- 250°C. Biochar characterization was carried out with a Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) were used to analyse the surface area and pore size distribution. Based on the results of the SEM-EDX analysis, only biochar was made from rice husk and sugarcane bagasse which contained Fe elements, as a result of the FeCl3.6H2O reaction. This condition is also proven by the presence of the FeO on both samples based on FTIR. The three synthesized biochar are amorphous and categorized as mesopores due to pore size around 15 to 16 nm, which can absorb petroleum spills with a percentage of 81% for sugarcane bagasse-based biochar, 84% for rice husk-based biochar, and 70% for sawdust-based biochar. Biochar from rice husk has excellent adsorption effectiveness with an adsorption capacity of 0.21 g/g in 60 min due to its large functional group area and the excellent attachment of magnetic compound into the biochar surface to form magnetic biochar.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: biochar; oil spills; hydrothermal; adsorption; agricultural waste

Article Metrics:

Article Info
Section: Original Research Article
Language : EN
Recent articles
Utilization of the spent catalyst as a raw material for rechargeable battery production: The effect of leaching time, type, and concentration of organic acids Mediating role of stock market volatility to evaluate asymmetries in the growth-degradation nexus in Nigeria Performance enhancement and emissions reduction in a diesel engine using oleander and croton biodiesel doped with graphene nanoparticles More recent articles
Most cited articles
Wind Power Generation in India: Evolution, Trends and Prospects The Social Aspects and Public Acceptance of Biomass Giving the Example of a Hungarian Region Assessment of Wind Energy Potential in Golestan Province of Iran MPPT Schemes for PV System under Normal and Partial Shading Condition: A Review Multi-Feedstocks Biodiesel Production from Esterification of Calophyllum inophyllum Oil, Castor Oil, Palm Oil and Waste Cooking Oil More cited articles
  1. Abbas, Q., Liu, G., Yousaf, B., Ali, M. U., Ullah, H., Munir, M. A. M., & Liu, R. (2018). Contrasting effects of operating conditions and biomass particle size on bulk characteristics and surface chemistry of rice husk derived-biochars. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 134(June), 281–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.06.018
  2. Ahmed, A., Abu Bakar, M. S., Sukri, R. S., Hussain, M., Farooq, A., Moogi, S., & Park, Y. K. (2020). Sawdust pyrolysis from the furniture industry in an auger pyrolysis reactor system for biochar and bio-oil production. Energy Conversion and Management, 226(October), 113502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113502
  3. AlAmeri, K., Giwa, A., Yousef, L., Alraeesi, A., & Taher, H. (2019). Sorption and removal of crude oil spills from seawater using peat-derived biochar: An optimization study. Journal of Environmental Management, 250(August), 109465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109465
  4. Armynah, B., Djafar, Z., & Piarah, W. H. (2018). Analysis of Chemical and Physical Properties of Biochar from Rice Husk Biomass. J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 979, 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/979/1/012038
  5. Asadi Zeidabadi, Z., Bakhtiari, S., Abbaslou, H., & Ghanizadeh, A. R. (2018). Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of biochar from agricultural waste biomass for use in building materials. Construction and Building Materials, 181, 301–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.271
  6. Aydincak, K., Yumak, T., Sınaǧ, A., & Esen, B. (2012). Synthesis and Characterization of Carbonaceous Materials from Saccharides (Glucose and Lactose) and Two Waste Biomasses by Hydrothermal Carbonization. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51, 9145-9152. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie301236h
  7. Bardestani, R., Patience, G. S., & Kaliaguine, S. (2019). Experimental methods in chemical engineering: specific surface area and pore size distribution measurements—BET, BJH, and DFT. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 97(11), 2781–2791. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.23632
  8. Battegazzore, D., Bocchini, S., Alongi, J., & Frache, A. (2014). Rice husk as bio-source of silica: Preparation and characterization of PLA-silica bio-composites. In RSC Advances (Vol. 4, Issue 97). https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra05991c
  9. Cai, W., Wei, J., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Zhou, J., & Han, B. (2019). Preparation of amino-functionalized magnetic biochar with excellent adsorption performance for Cr(VI) by a mild one-step hydrothermal method from peanut hull. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 563(November 2018), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.11.062
  10. Chellappan, S., Nair, V., Sajith, V., & Aparna, K. (2018). Synthesis, optimization and characterization of biochar based catalyst from sawdust for simultaneous esterification and transesterification. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2654–2663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2018.02.034
  11. Creamer, A. E., Gao, B., & Zhang, M. (2014). Carbon dioxide capture using biochar produced from sugarcane bagasse and hickory wood. Chemical Engineering Journal, 249, 174–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.105
  12. Duan, H., Lyu, H., Shen, B., Tian, J., Pu, X., Wang, F., & Wang, X. (2021). Superhydrophobic-superoleophilic biochar-based foam for high-efficiency and repeatable oil-water separation. Science of the Total Environment, 780, 146517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146517
  13. Duke, N. C. (2016). Oil spill impacts on mangroves: Recommendations for operational planning and action based on a global review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 109(2), 700–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.06.082
  14. El Gheriany, I. A., Ahmad El Saqa, F., Abd El Razek Amer, A., & Hussein, M. (2020). Oil spill sorption capacity of raw and thermally modified orange peel waste. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 59(2), 925–932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2020.03.024
  15. Graham, L. J., Hale, C., Maung-douglass, E., & Sempier, S. (2010). Chemical dispersants and their role in oil spill response (2016a). Available at: https://protect-eu.mimecast.com/s/4-PVCOgDgsA4O0oUPQiLn?domain=masgc.org
  16. Gurav, R., Bhatia, S. K., Choi, T. R., Choi, Y. K., Kim, H. J., Song, H. S., Park, S. L., Lee, H. S., Lee, S. M., Choi, K. Y., & Yang, Y. H. (2021). Adsorptive removal of crude petroleum oil from water using floating pinewood biochar decorated with coconut oil-derived fatty acids. Science of the Total Environment, 781, 146636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146636
  17. He, S., Zhong, L., Duan, J., Feng, Y., Yang, B., & Yang, L. (2017). Bioremediation of wastewater by iron Oxide-Biochar nanocomposites loaded with photosynthetic bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00823
  18. Helle, I., Mäkinen, J., Nevalainen, M., Afenyo, M., & Vanhatalo, J. (2020). Impacts of Oil Spills on Arctic Marine Ecosystems: A Quantitative and Probabilistic Risk Assessment Perspective. Environmental Science and Technology, 54(4), 2112–2121. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b07086
  19. Honda, M., & Suzuki, N. (2020). Toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for aquatic animals. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041363
  20. Institute, B. (2022). Tumpahan Minyak di Laut dan Langkah Antisipasi Pemerintah Indonesia | BHR Institute. https://bhrinstitute.id/tumpahan-minyak-di-laut-dan-langkah-antisipasi-pemerintah-indonesia/
  21. ITOPF. (2022). Tanker spill statistics 2021. https://www.itopf.org/news-events/news/tanker-spill-statistics-2021/
  22. KKP. (2022). KKP |Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. https://kkp.go.id/djprl/p4k/page/2626-tumpahan-minyak-oil-spill
  23. Lee, T., Othman, R., & Yeoh, F. Y. (2013). Development of photoluminescent glass derived from rice husk. Biomass and Bioenergy, 59(May 2014), 380–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.028
  24. Leng, L., & Huang, H. (2018). An overview of the effect of pyrolysis process parameters on biochar stability. Bioresource Technology, 270(September), 627–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.030
  25. Leng, L., Xu, S., Liu, R., Yu, T., Zhuo, X., Leng, S., Xiong, Q., & Huang, H. (2020). Nitrogen containing functional groups of biochar: An overview. Bioresource Technology, 298(October 2019), 122286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122286
  26. Li, W., Dang, Q., Brown, R. C., Laird, D., & Wright, M. M. (2017). The impacts of biomass properties on pyrolysis yields, economic and environmental performance of the pyrolysis-bioenergy-biochar platform to carbon negative energy. Bioresource Technology, 241, 959–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.049
  27. Madhubashani, A. M. P., Giannakoudakis, D. A., Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K., Rajapaksha, A. U., Pradeep Kumara, P. B. T., Triantafyllidis, K. S., & Vithanage, M. (2021). Propensity and appraisal of biochar performance in removal of oil spills: A comprehensive review. Environmental Pollution, 288(June), 117676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117676
  28. Nguyen-Phan, T. D., Pham, V. H., Shin, E. W., Pham, H. D., Kim, S., Chung, J. S., Kim, E. J., & Hur, S. H. (2011). The role of graphene oxide content on the adsorption-enhanced photocatalysis of titanium dioxide/graphene oxide composites. Chemical Engineering Journal, 170(1), 226–232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.03.060
  29. Ouyang, D., Chen, Y., Yan, J., Qian, L., Han, L., & Chen, M. (2019). Activation mechanism of peroxymonosulfate by biochar for catalytic degradation of 1,4-dioxane: Important role of biochar defect structures. Chemical Engineering Journal, 370, 614–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.03.235
  30. Piperopoulos, E., Calabrese, L., Mastronardo, E., Proverbio, E., & Milone, C. (2020). Sustainable Reuse of Char Waste for Oil Spill Recovery Foams. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 231(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04671-2
  31. Qin, F., Zhang, C., Zeng, G., Huang, D., Tan, X., & Duan, A. (2022). Lignocellulosic biomass carbonization for biochar production and characterization of biochar reactivity. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 157(December 2021), 112056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.112056
  32. Rajabi, H., Hadi Mosleh, M., Prakoso, T., Ghaemi, N., Mandal, P., Lea-Langton, A., & Sedighi, M. (2021). Competitive adsorption of multicomponent volatile organic compounds on biochar. Chemosphere, 283(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131288
  33. Ryu, J., Suh, Y. W., Suh, D. J., & Ahn, D. J. (2010). Hydrothermal preparation of carbon microspheres from mono-saccharides and phenolic compounds. Carbon, 48(7), 1990–1998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.02.006
  34. Sabir, S. (2015). Approach of cost-effective adsorbents for oil removal from oily water. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 45(17), 1916–1945. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2014.1001143
  35. Singh, H., Bhardwaj, N., Arya, S. K., & Khatri, M. (2020). Environmental impacts of oil spills and their remediation by magnetic nanomaterials. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management, 14, 100305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100305
  36. Singh Karam, D., Nagabovanalli, P., Sundara Rajoo, K., Fauziah Ishak, C., Abdu, A., Rosli, Z., Melissa Muharam, F., & Zulperi, D. (2022). An overview on the preparation of rice husk biochar, factors affecting its properties, and its agriculture application. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 21(3), 149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssas.2021.07.005
  37. Subrati, A., Mondal, S., Ali, M., Alhindi, A., Abdala, A., Reinalda, D., & Alhassan, S. M. (2017). Developing Hydrophobic Graphene Foam for Oil spill Cleanup. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56, 6945-6951. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00716
  38. Tao, T., Li, G., He, Y., & Yang, X. (2019). 3-D magnetic graphene balls as sorbents for cleaning oil spills. Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, 9, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980419857373
  39. Wei, Z., Wang, J. J., Meng, Y., Li, J., Gaston, L. A., Fultz, L. M., & DeLaune, R. D. (2020). Potential use of biochar and rhamnolipid biosurfactant for remediation of crude oil-contaminated coastal wetland soil: Ecotoxicity assessment. Chemosphere, 253, 126617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126617
  40. Wu, J., Yang, J., Huang, G., Xu, C., & Lin, B. (2020). Hydrothermal carbonization synthesis of cassava slag biochar with excellent adsorption performance for Rhodamine B. Journal of Cleaner Production, 251, 119717. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119717
  41. Yaashikaa, P. R., Kumar, P. S., Varjani, S., & Saravanan, A. (2020). A critical review on the biochar production techniques, characterization, stability and applications for circular bioeconomy. Biotechnology Reports, 28, e00570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00570
  42. Yi, Y., Huang, Z., Lu, B., Xian, J., Tsang, E. P., Cheng, W., Fang, J., & Fang, Z. (2020). Magnetic biochar for environmental remediation: A review. Bioresource Technology, 298(September 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122468
  43. Yuewen, D., & Adzigbli, L. (2018). Assessing the Impact of Oil Spills on Marine Organisms. Journal of Oceanography and Marine Research, 06(01). https://doi.org/10.4172/2572-3103.1000179
  44. Zhang, B., Matchinski, E. J., Chen, B., Ye, X., Jing, L., & Lee, K. (2018). Marine oil spills-oil pollution, sources and effects. In World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation Volume III: Ecological Issues and Environmental Impacts (Second Edi). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805052-1.00024-3
  45. Zhang, H., & Hay, A. G. (2020). Magnetic biochar derived from biosolids via hydrothermal carbonization: Enzyme immobilization, immobilized-enzyme kinetics, environmental toxicity. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 384(May 2019), 121272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121272

Last update:

  1. Advancements in sustainable thermochemical conversion of agricultural crop residues: A systematic review of technical progress, applications, perspectives, and challenges

    Padam Prasad Paudel, Sagar Kafle, Sunyong Park, Seok Jun Kim, Lahoon Cho, Dae Hyun Kim. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 202 , 2024. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2024.114723

  2. Removal of environmental pollutants using biochar: current status and emerging opportunities

    Haoran Song, Shao-Fang Chen, Guiling Si, Kalpana Bhatt, Shao-Hua Chen, Wen-Juan Chen. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 46 (10), 2024. doi: 10.1007/s10653-024-02142-9

Last update: 2024-12-26 17:00:36

No citation recorded.