skip to main content

Mengurangi keterbukaan hutan melalui teknik pemananenan kayu yang tepat di hutan alam

Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan, Jl. Gunung Batu No. 5 Bogor 16610, Indonesia

Received: 21 Mar 2021; Revised: 20 Jun 2021; Accepted: 29 Jun 2021; Available online: 5 Jul 2021; Published: 1 Aug 2021.
Editor(s): H Hadiyanto

Citation Format:
Abstract

Kegiatan pemanenan kayu memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar terhadap produksi kayu. Pohon produksi yang berada di dalam hutan tidak dapat dimanfaatkan jika tidak ditebang dan tidak dikeluarkan dari dalam hutan. Metode penelitian ini adalah membuat 6 plot contoh pengamatan (PCP) masing-masing 3 PCP untuk teknik perbaikan (TP) dan 3 PCP untuk teknik konvensional (TK) pada satu petak tebang, melakukan penebangan pohon dan penyaradan dengan  TP dan TK, melakukan pengamatan  dan pengukuran produktivitas pemanenan kayu dan luas areal hutan yang terbuka akibat penebangan dan penyaradan serta menganalisis pengaruh kedua teknik terhadap produktivitas  areal hutan terbuka dengan uji t. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua teknik pemanenan kayu terhadap produktivitas dan areal hutan terbuka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : 1) Rata-rata produktivitas penebangan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 10,60 m3/jam dan 13,95 m3/jam 2) Rata-rata produktivitas penyaradan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 7,25 m3/jam dan 9,60 m3/jam;  3) Rata-rata areal hutan terbuka akibat penebangan dengan TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 15,67% dan 7,43% ; 4) Rata-rata areal hutan terbuka akibat penyaradan dengan  TK dan TP masing-masing adalah 10,50% dan 6,68%. Menerapkan teknik perbaikan dapat mengurangi terjadinya keterbukaan hutan pada penebangan dan penyaradan masing-masing sebesar 8,24% dan 3,82%.

ABSTRACT

Timber harvesting provides a very large contribution to timber production. Tree production that is in the forest can't be used if they are not felling and removed from the forest. This research method is to make 6 sample observation plot (SOP) each 3 SOP for improving technique (IT) and 3 SOP for conventional technique (CT) on one logging compartment, do felling and skidding by IT and CT, make observations, and measuring the productivity of timber harvesting and the area of open forest due to felling and skidding and analyzing the effect of the two techniques on the productivity of the open forest area with t-test. The research objective was to determine the effect of two timber harvesting techniques on productivity and open forest areas. The results showed that the average productivity of felling by CT and IT was 10.60 m3/hour and 13.95 m3/hour respectively. The average productivity of skidding by CT and IT was 7.25 m3/hour and 9.60 m3/hour respectively. The average open forest area due to felling by CT and IT was 15.6% and 7.43% respectively. The average open forest area due to skidding by CT and IT was 10.50% and 6.68% respectively. Applying improve technique reduced the open forest area through felling and skidding by 8.24% and 3.82% respectively.

Fulltext View|Download
Keywords: Timber harvesting; Natural forest; Improve technique; Conventional technique; Open forest areal
Funding: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Article Metrics:

  1. Acar, H.H. 2016. Log Pulling Sliding Head to Be Used During Cable Skidding by Drummed Tractor. In: Gendek A., Moskalik T. (eds.), Proceedings of the 49° FORMEC symposium, 4-7 September 2016, Warsaw Poland. Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, pp. 23-25
  2. Acosta, F.C., D.C. Oliveira, C. Arruda, M.L. Garcia, R.R. Melo. 2018. Operational Performance of the Selective Cutting of Trees with Chainsaw. Floresta e Ambiente 25 (3) 1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.023916
  3. Adekunle, V.A.J., A.O. Olagoke. 2010. The Impacts of Timber Harvesting on Residual Trees and Seedlings in a Tropical Rain Forest Ecosystem, Southwestern Nigeria. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 6 (3-4) 131–138. Doi: 10.1080/21513732.2010.534976
  4. Akay, A.E., O. Erdas, Buyuksakalli, Sakar. 2015. Assessment of Winter Harvesting Operations in Mediterranean City of Kahramanmaras, Turkey. In Proceeding of the 48th FORMEC Symposium 2015. October 4-8, 2015. Linz, Austria, pp. 1-4
  5. Angrianto, R., Y. Ruslim. 2012. Pembukaan Wilayah Hutan dan Kerusakan Tegakan Akibat Produksi Jenis Merbau (Intsia SPP.) di IUPHHK PT Megapura Mambramo Bangun Papua Barat. Agrifor October 96-109. Doi: 10.31293/af.v11i2.108
  6. Behjou, F.K. 2018. Shape of Skidder Productivity Function for Ground Based Skidding System in Caspian Forests. Forestry Research and Engineering: International Journal 2(1) 19‒22 Doi: 10.15406/freij.2018.02.00020
  7. Cardenas, E., H. Luis, Orellana, T. Konstantinos, Konstantinidis, W.M. Mohn. 2018. Efects of Timber Harvesting on the Genetic Potential for Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in Five North American Forest Ecozones. Scientific Reports 8(1) 1-13. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21197-0
  8. Castro, G.P., J.R. Malinovski, L. Nutto, R.A. Malinovski. 2016. Harvesting systems. Tropical Forestry Handbook, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2445-2485
  9. Cho, M.J., H.S. Mun, Y. Choi, D.S. Cha, S.K. Han, J.H. Oh. 2019. Comparison of Productivity and Cost Between Two Integrated Harvesting Systems in South Korea. Forests. 10,1-13 Doi :10.3390/f10090763
  10. Ciubotaru, A., R.V. Campu. 2018. Delimbing and Cross-cutting of Coniferous Trees–Time Consumption, Work Productivity and Performance. Forests 9, 1-16 Doi: 10.3390/f9040206
  11. Colleta, V.,G. Pellicone, V. bernardini, B. De Cinti, R. Froio, P.A. Marziliano, G. Matteucci, N. Ricca, R. Turco, A. Veltri. 2017. Short-time Effect of Harvesting Methods on Soil Respiration Dynamics in a Beech Forest in Southern Mediterranean Italy. IForest 10, 645-651. Doi : https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor2032-010
  12. Elias, G. Applegate, K. Kartawinata, Machfudh, A. Klassen. 2001. Pedoman reduced impact logging. Center for International Forestry Research, 129
  13. Elias. 2002. Reduced Impact Logging. Edn. 1. IPB Press, 151
  14. Elias. 2012. Pembukaan Wilayah Hutan. Edn. 1. IPB Press, 310
  15. Elias. 2015. Pengertian dan perkembangan IPTEKS pemanenan kayu. Bogor: PT Media Anugrah Perkasa, 85
  16. Elias. 2016. Penerapan Reduced Impact Logging dalam rangka reformasi eksploitasi hutan dan korupsi dalam pengelolaan hutan alam tropika Indonesia (Orasi Ilmiah). Bogor: Institut Pertanian Bogor
  17. Gilanipoor, N., A. Najafi, S.M.H. Alvaezin. 2012. Productivity and cost of farm tractor skidding. Journal of Forest Science 1, 21–26
  18. Grebner, D. 2013. Forest harvesting systems. In: Introduction to forestry and natural resources, Academic Press. pp 287-302
  19. Klaes, B., J. Struck, R. Schneider, G. Schueler. 2016. Middle-term Effects After Timber Harvesting with Heavy Machinery on a Fine-Textured Forest Soil. European Journal of Forest Research 135, 1083–1095. Doi: 10.1007/s10342-016-0995-2
  20. Latifah, S., R. Herawatiningsih. 2018. Tingkat Kesuburan Tanah pada Areal Eks Penebangan Hutan di Areal HPH PT. KSK Nanga Pinoh Kab. Melawi. Jurnal Tengkawang 8(1) 50-58. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jt.v8i1.30202
  21. Liang, J., T.W. Crowther, N. Picard, S. Wiser, M. Zhou, G. Alberti, E-D. Schulze, A.D. McGuire, F. Bozzato, H. Pretzsch. 2016. Positive Biodiversity–Productivity Relationship Predominant in Global Forests. Science 354,1-15. Doi: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.4286552
  22. Lin, H.Y.,S.D. Jupiter, A.P. Jenkins, C.J. Brown .2017. Impact of Anthropogenic Disturbances on a Diverse Riverine Fish Assemblage in Fiji Predicted by Functional Traits. Freshwater Biologi 62, 1422–1432
  23. Lopes, E.S. M.B. Pagnussat. 2017. Effect of the Behavioural Profile on Operator Performance in Timber Harvesting. International Journal of Forest Engineering 62, 1-6. Doi : 10.1080/14942119.2017.1328847
  24. Mills, D.J., M.G. Andreu, S.A. Bohlman, F.E. Putz. 2019. Liberation of Future Crop Trees from Lianas in Belize: Completeness, Costs, and Timber-Yield Benefits. For. Ecol. Manage. 439, 97–104. Doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.02.023
  25. Nikooy, M., A. Esmailnezhad, R. Naghdi. 2013. Productivty and Cost Analysis of Skidding with Timberjack 450C in Forest Plantations in Shafaroud Watershed, Iran. Journal of Forest Science 59 (7) 261-266. Doi: 10.17221/19/2013-JFS
  26. Okon, K. 2018. Sustainability of Wood Harvesting in Tropical Rainforest of Nigeria. Eurasian Journal of Forest Science 6(2) 44-55. DOI: 10.31195/ejejfs.427416
  27. Olajuyigbe, S.O., S.F. Filani, A.O. Adegeye. 2020. Impact of Selective Timber Harvesting on Residual Tree Species in a Humid Lowland Rain Forest of Southwest Nigeria. Journal of Forestry and Nature Conservation. 89 (2) 29-40
  28. Ozturk, T. 2014. Productivity and Cost of Rubber-Wheel-Tyred Tractor in a Northern Pine Plantation Forest of Turkey. Baltic Forestry 20(2) 272-276
  29. Pearson, T.R.H., S. Brown, L. Murray, G. Sidman. 2017. Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Tropical Forest Degradation: An Underestimated Source. Carbon Balance and Management 12(3) 1-11. Doi: 10.1186/s13021-017-0072-2
  30. Poudyal, B.H., T.N. Maraseni, G. Cockfield. 2019. Implications of Selective Harvesting of Natural Forests for Forest Product Recovery and Forest Carbon Emissions: Cases from Tarai Nepal and Queensland Australia.. Forests. 10,1-19. Doi: 10.3390/f10080693
  31. Proto, A. R., G. Macrì, R. Visser, H. Harrill, D. Russo, G. Zimbalatti. 2018. Factors Affecting Forwarder Productivity. European Journal Forest Research 137, 143-151. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-017-1088-6
  32. Purwowidodo. 1999. Pokok-Pokok Bahsan Konservasi Tanah di Kawasan Hutan. IPB Press. Bogor
  33. Rozītis, A., A. Zimelis, A. Lazdins. 2017. Evaluation of productivity and impact on soil of tracked ProSilva F2/2 forwarder in forest thinning. Research for Rural Development 1, 94–100. Doi: 10.22616/rrd.23.2017.014
  34. Sitohang, W.R.M., Muhdi. Y. Afifuddin. 2016. Analisis Biaya dan Produktivitas Produksi Kayu pada Hutan Tanaman Industri (Studi kasus : PT Sumatera Riang Lestari-Blok I Sei Kebaro, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu Selatan dan Kabupaten Padang Lawas Utara). Peronema Forestry Science Journal 5 (2) 192-203
  35. Sohrabi, H., M. Jourgholami, M. Jafari, F. Tavankar, R. Venanzi, R. Picchio. 2021. Earthworms as an Ecological Indicator of Soil Recovery after Mechanized Logging Operations in Mixed Beech Forests. Forests 12, 1-18. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010018
  36. Strandgard, M., R. Mitchell, M. Acuna .2017. Time Consumption and Productivity of a Forwarder Operating on a Slope in a Cut-To-Length Harvest System in a Pinus radiata D. Don pine plantation. Journal of Forest Science 63 (7) 324-330. Doi: 10.17221/10/2017-JFS
  37. Sularso, N. 1996. Analisis Kerusakan Tegakan Tinggal Akibat Pemanenan Kayu Terkendali dan Konvensional Pada Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Indonesia (TPTI) [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor
  38. Vacek, Z., S. Vacek, L. Bílek, J. Král, I. Ulbrichová, J. Simon, D. Bulušek. 2018. Impact of Applied Silvicultural Systems on Spatial Pattern of Hornbeamoak Forests. Central European Forestry Journal 64, 33–45. Doi: 10.1515/forj-2017-0031
  39. Zafira, N., N. Nurin, M. Samsurijan, M. Zuknik, M. Rafatullah, M. Syakir. 2017. Sustainable Ecosystem Services Framework for Tropical Catchment Management. Sustainability 9 (4) 546
  40. Zimmerman, B.L., C.F. Kormos. 2012. Prospects for Sustainable Logging In Tropical Forests. BioScience 62(5) 479-487

Last update:

No citation recorded.

Last update: 2024-10-08 10:26:20

No citation recorded.